Introduction[checkyourunderstanding]1.fSyntaxandsemanticseachhavetheirownstrengths.2.fPragmaticsisalsointerestedinhowlanguageuseaffectsthelanguagesystem.3.t4.f5.tIn-ClassActivities1.ASK(1)Yes,he’scoming.(2)Yes.[No,heisn’tcoming](3)HisknowledgeaboutwhetherPatlikescognitivelinguisticsornot.2.(1)a.JohnisobviouslynotHitler.ThereisonlyoneHitlerintheworld.b.Golfasaninanimateobjectcan’tplayahumanbeing(John).c.Itisacaseoftautologythatconveysnonewinformation.d.“Idea”doesn’thavecolorandcan’tsleepsinceitisinanimate.Thewholesentencedoesn’tmakesense.(2)a.itcanbeusedforcommunicationinacontextwhereJohnsharessomepersonalitywithHitler.b.whenJohnisapoorplayerofgolf.c.inacontextwhereacertainboyhasdonesomethingwrong(outofnaughtiness).(3)whenthesentenceisusedinpoetrytopersonalizetheword"idea".3.(1)a.Inanentranceofapark.b.Intherestroomofsomepublicplaceslikeanairport.a.Peopleareforbiddentobringdogsintothepark.b.Thisplaceisforadultstochangeinfantdiapers.4.(1)Herethespeakerwantstoexpresshiscomplaintthatthecouplearetalkingtooloudly(andtheimplicitrequestforthemtostoptalking).(2)Bysayingso,theyoungmanwantstoconveytheirrefusalto“my”request.Thebackgroundknowledgeweneedisthatsinceitisusuallyimpolitetolistentootherpeople’privateconversation,itisnormalthat“I”can’thearaword(thusthecouplecancontinuetheirtalk).5.(1)Thisnoticeimpliesthatallthosewhojumptheredlightareuncivilized,whateverthereason.(2)讲卫生的人不会随便吐痰。6.(1)Thisisanadvertisementforaholidayinnanditsfoodissodeliciousthatitcanmakethecustomer’swifejealous.The“Frenchtoast”probablymeansatypeofspecialtyprovidedbythisholidayinn.(2)C:你去哪里？吃饭了没？E:Howareyou?How’severythinggoing?7.(1)Hemeanshedoesn’tspeakFrench.(2)Russianmajorsdon’tspeakFrench.(3)Yes.Ithelpstoindicateanegativeanswer.8.(1)a.Heuses“that”undertheassumptionthathismomknowswhichletterisbeingreferredto.b.Heusesanimperativesentencetoaskhermothertoclosethewindow,whichisimpolite.(2)Johnny:Mom,PingPingiscomingtovisitusthisafternnoon.Mother:WhoisPingPing?(3)Wan