高中英语语法定语从句总结全.doc
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高中英语语法定语从句总结全.doc

高中英语语法定语从句总结全.doc

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高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ、概念:(1)定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。(2)先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。(3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。关系词得作用:1)引导定语从句,连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词;2)必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用得关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语):when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、where(地点状语)可以修饰人得关系代词:that,who,whom,whose可以修饰事得关系代词:that,which,as,whose,ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn、Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry、Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother、I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacesthesea、定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);第三选择合适得关系词。Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法:●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如:1、Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread、(主语)2、Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?3、Youcantakeanything(that)youlike、(宾语)4、Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?5、Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee、6、She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore、(表语)7、Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe、(=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe、=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe、)●which:指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如:1、Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather、(主语)2、Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting、(宾语)●who,whom,whose:who:主格,在从句中作主语,只可指人whom:宾格,在从句中只能作宾语;只可指人whose:表所属关系,在从句中作定语。译为:某人得,某物得whose+名词=the+n、+ofwhich(某物得)the+n、+ofwhom(某人得)Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard、(主语)Theboy(that/who/whom)wesawyesterdayisTom、Iknowthegirlwhosefatherisateacher、(whosefather=thefatherofwhom)Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan、(指人)(whoseparents=theparentsofwhom)I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth、(指物)(whosewindow=thewindowofwhich)关系代词作介词宾语(在定语从句中,介词提前时,介词后:表人用whom;表物用which)关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末、但以放于句首较为正式、(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组得含义。关系代词who与that用作介词宾语时,介词必须放在句末、)Theman(whom/who/that)mymotheristalkingwithisMrBlack、=ThemanwithwhommymotheristalkingisMrBlack、Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked、=Thisis