不敬是自由的命脉Libertyandlaughterwillliveon来源：FT中文网2015-01-0907:43Themurderofsatireisnolaughingmatter.ThehorrifyingcarnageatCharlieHebdoisareminder,ifeverweneededit,thatirreverenceisthelifebloodoffreedom.Isupposeitissomesortofbackhandedcomplimentthatthemonstersbehindtheslaughteraresofearfulofthelanceofmirththattheonlyvoicetheyhavetomuffleitisthesoundofbullets.MagazinessuchasCharlieHebdoareinthebusinessoftakingliberties,evenoutrageousones,buttheyexistsothatwenevertakethegiftofdisrespectforgranted.对讽刺艺术的扼杀是件需要严肃对待的事。发生在《查理周刊》(CharlieHebdo)的这场恐怖屠杀提醒我们（如果我们需要提醒的话）：“不敬”是自由的命脉。执行这场杀戮的恶魔对欢笑的长矛是如此恐惧，以至于他们只能用枪声代替话语，以求封杀这种欢笑，我认为这是种间接的夸赞。《查理周刊》这样的杂志以无礼的（甚至是放肆的）嘲弄为主业，但他们存在的价值，就在于使我们永远不会想当然地对待“不敬”这份礼物。LibertyandlaughterhavebeentwinnedintheEuropeantraditionformorethanthreecenturiesandhavetogetherproclaimedasprecioustherighttoridicule.GraphicsatirefirstaroseasaweaponintheatrociousandprolongedreligiouswarsthatdividedCatholicsandProtestants.ForProtestantstheprintingpresswastheanswertotheimageryoftheRomanchurchbywhich,astheysawit,hereticsandscepticswerebroughttobook.Sotheyinventedananti-iconographyinwhichpopeswereturnedintofantasticmonsters,andkingsintoministersofslaughter.TheDutch,whoinventedtheillustratednewsgazetteinthemiddleofthe17thcentury,sawthemselvesasthevictimsofreligiousfury.Theirgraphiccounter-attackbeganwithpopularillustratedhistoriesoftheirrebellionagainsttheSpanishmonarchy—withtheDukeofAlvatheirfavouritebogeyman.ItbroadenedintoaregularweaponofpartisanpolemicsinsidetheRepublicaswellasagainstforeignthreatsto“Holland’sFreedom”.三个多世纪来，自由与欢笑在欧洲传统里一直成双成对，一起被宣称为嘲讽的珍贵权利。讽刺漫画首次作为武器出现，是在天主教徒与新教徒之间残酷而旷日持久的宗教战争时期。对新教徒来说，印刷机是对他们眼中罗马教会利用绘画来迫害异教徒和怀疑者的回答。于是他们发明了一种反肖像，将教皇画成虚构的恶魔，而国王成了杀戮执行者。自视为宗教愤怒受害者的荷兰人在17世纪中叶发明了新闻画报。他们的漫画反击战起从流行的历史漫画开始，主题是荷兰人抗击西班牙王室，而阿尔瓦公爵(DukeofAlva)是他们最喜欢描绘的反面人物。随后攻击对象拓宽，新闻画报既被用来抵御“荷兰的自由”所面临的外来威胁，也成了共和国各党派论战的常用武器。ThefirstgreatmoderngraphicsatiristwasRomeyndeHooghe,enlistedbyWilliamIIIattheendofthe17thcenturyinhisrelentlesswartothedeathwithLouisXIV.DeHoogheobli