开头：Inthegivenargument,theauthorconcludesthat…..Tobolsterthisconclusion,theauthorpointsoutthat…andthat…Althoughthewholeargumentappearstobevalidatfirstglance,furtheranalysisrevealsthatthejudgmentisbasedonsomedubiousassumptionsandthatthereasoningisquestionablesincetheevidencecitedismisleading.结尾：Tosumup,thisargumentisnotaspersuasiveasitstands.Tomaketheargumentmorelogicallyacceptable,theauthorshouldoffer/provideevidencethat…Inaddition,concreteevidencedemonstratingthat…isneededtosolidifytheconclusion.Onlywithmoreconvincingevidencecouldthisargumentbecomemorethanjustanemotionalappeal.solidify[sə'lidifai]vt.团结；凝固vi.团结；凝固七宗罪：养姐泪饮二等茶第一宗罪：养—样本不足样本不足Insufficient-sampleAthresholdproblemisthattheauthorprovidesnoevidencetoclaimthatthegeneralgroupasawholeisofthesamecharacteristic..Oneexampleislogicallyunsoundedtoestablishageneralconclusion,unlessitcanbeshownthatA1isrepresentativeofallA.Itispossiblethat....Infact,infaceofsuchlimitedevidence,itisfallaciousfortheauthortodrawanyconclusionatall.这个灵界的问题第二宗罪：—结果无据（无厘头假设，即得出结论过于草率，没有详尽的analysis）Whatismore,theassumptionthat…issuspicious.Admittedly,…However,thisisnotnecessarilythecase.Forinstance,itismorelikelythat...Sinceweneedamoreexhaustiveanalysistojustifytheassumption,thehastilyreachedconclusionbytheauthorshouldbetreatedcautiously.OnlyiftheauthorcanputanyfurtherdetailsaboutdifferentcasesofAoutonthetable,wecaneliminateoursuspiciontowardtheliabilityofAasasufficientproofofB.第三宗罪：泪—错误类比（横向）First,itishighlydoubtfulthatthefactsdrawnfromXXXareapplicabletoXXX.Differencesbetweenthetwodistrictsfaroutweighsimilarities,thusmakingtheanalogymuchlessvalid.Forinstance…(不同点)Sincesuchproblemsmayprohibitthestrategyfromreachingitsintendedeffect,itisprematuretoassertthattheXXXwillexperiencetheconsequenceafteradoptingthatstrategypreviousconductedbyXXX.子目录：单个样本不代表整体ItishighlydoubtfulthatthefactsdrawnfromAareapplicabletotheentiregeneralgroup.NobackgroundinformationisprovidedtojustifythatAisnotanexceptionfromother…X,Y,andZcanallleadtothediff