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RTOSissuesforsafetransportCorporateapplicationsoverviewDrKenTindellCEOnorthernreal-timeapplicationscontents1WhyuseanRTOS?2RequirementsforusinganRTOS3PerspectiveonRTOSusetoday2costpressures1Productioncost(e.g.automotive)Savingjust5¢onacommoncomponentcansaveamilliondollarsayear(whichbecomesanextramilliondollarsofprofit)2Developmentcost(e.g.aerospace)Highabsolutecosts(typically$1B)andahighfractionoftotallife-cyclecostsCertificationisamajorpartofdevelopmentcosts3theneedfordesigncorrectness1AstrongdemandforcorrectnessInaerospacesystemshundredsofpeoplecanbeinjuredinasingleeventcausedbyadesignfailureAutomotivesystemsrackupbillionsofflyinghourssothenumberofeventsistypicallymuchlarger2Designcorrectnessisvital“Ifitcangowrong,thenwhenrunningitforbillionhoursitwillgowrong”4thereal-timecontrolissue1Wideuseofreal-timecontrolfunctions..withcontrolfunctionsbecomingdistributedacrossseveralcontrolunits2Needtobesureeverythingrunsontime,everytimeE.g.timeoutsforfaultdetectionimposeaharddeadlinefornormaloperationWecallthesesystems‘hardreal-time’5hardreal-time1Achievehardreal-timebyup-frontdesigneffortNeedtoknowup-frontthatalldeadlineswillbemetNogoodfindingoutafterdeploymentthattherearetimingfaults2MustnotrelyontestingtodetecttimingfaultsTestingregimesimplycannotobtaincoverageclosetothebillionsofhoursofoperationinreallifeMustusedesignanalysistobesureofcorrecttimingbehavior6hardreal-timeprocessing1Threestagesintheevolutionofhardreal-timeprocessingfromsimplecyclicscheduling....tomajor/minorcyclicscheduling....topre-emptiveRTOSscheduling7InterrupttimeFreetimevoidmain(void){do_init();while(1){do_task_1();do_task_2();do_task_3();do_task_4();do_task_5();busy_wait_cycle();}}cyclicscheduling1Asimpletechnique..Easytoseewhattheworst-casetimingbehaviorisgoingtobeEasytoimplement2..butnotveryefficientEverythinghastorunatthesame(fast)rateCan’thandlesporadiceve
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