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2.BasicPrinciplesofPowerSuppliesforIndustrialUse2.1ElectricaldesignAsimplifiedconsiderationoftheelectricaldesignofpowersuppliesallowstoconsiderthemasadevicewithaninputsideandanoutputside.Theinputsideandtheoutputsideareelectricallyisolatedagainsteachother.LL+AC/DCinputNDCoutputPEL-2CDC272022F0206Figure1–SimplifiedconsiderationoftheelectricaldesignThefollowingtableliststhemostimportanttermsregardingtheinputsideandtheoutputside.InputsideOutputsidePrimarysideSecondarysideInputvoltageOutputvoltagePrimarygroundingSecondarygroundingCurrentconsumptionShort-circuitcurrentInrushcurrentResidualrippleInputfuseOutputcharacteristicsFrequencyOutputcurrentDCsupplyPowerfailurebufferingPowerfactorcorrection(PFC)Table1–Termsregardinginputandoutputside42.BasicPrinciplesofPowerSuppliesforIndustrialUse2.2.PowersupplytypesandtheirdesignTwomajortypesofpowersuppliesaredistinguished:regulatedpowersuppliesandunregulatedpowersupplies.Regulatedpowersuppliesarefurtherdevidedintolinearlyregulatedpowersuppliesandswitchmodepowersupplies.powersupplyunregulatedregulatedlinearlyswitchedregulatedsecondaryprimaryswitchmodeswitchmode2CDC272023F0206Figure2–OverviewofpowersupplytypesThevariouspowersupplytypesareexplainedbelowinmoredetail.However,theexplanationsonlydealwiththebasictechnologyandnotwithcircuitengineeringdetails.52.BasicPrinciplesofPowerSuppliesforIndustrialUse2.2.1UnregulatedpowersuppliesLL+50/60HzCNL-UUUUtttt2CDC272024F0b06Figure3–UnregulatedpowersupplyTheACmainsvoltage(50/60Hz)appliedattheinputsideistransformedtoalowerlevelandrectifiedbyasubsequentrectifier.Then,acapacitorCsmoothestheoutputvoltageoftherectifier.Thedimensionofthetransformerdependsonthedesiredoutputvoltage.Duetothedesignoftheelectriccircuit,theoutputvoltagedirectlydependsontheinputvolt-agewhichinturnmeansthatvariationsofthemainsvoltagehavedirecteffecttotheoutputside.Sincenoregulationisdoneonthesecondaryside,theresidualrippleoftheoutputvolt-ageisinth
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