OECDcountryreviewsofnationalinnovationsystem-AnintroductionGangZHANGPrincipalAdministrator,OECDDirectorateforScience,TechnologyandIndustryPresentationattheUNESCOSymposiumonComparativeAnalysisofNationalResearch1Systems162008Outline•OECDcountryreviewsofNIS:–Backgroundofthenewinnovationreviews–Features,objectiveandfocusofthenewreviews–ScopeandProcess–Impact•InsightsfromOECDChinainnovationreview:aspecialfull-fledgedcountyreview–Backgroundandrationale–Objectivesanddesign–Implementation–Roadmap–Experiencelearned2OECDCountryS&TreviewsHistoricalbackgroundofOECDS&Treviews•ReviewsofS&Tpolicywerecarriedoutsinceearly1960s,untilmid-1990s,concentratingintwoperiods:–1963-1974(19reviews)–1981-1996(19reviews)•1996-mid-2000:noreviews;ashiftoffocuson–NISapproachasanorganisingframeworkfornewreviews;–thematicreviewstoexplorespecificaspectsofS&Tpoliciesmorein-depth,andforcomparisonsamongsmallergroupsofcountries.3AnewwaveofcountryIinnovationreviewssincemid-2000s•Since2005,arenewedinterestinNISreviews;•Completed:Luxembourg,Switzerland,NewZealand,Chile,SouthAfrica,andChina;•OngoingI:Norway,KoreaandMexico;•OngoingII:Hungary,Greece,Turkey;•Reviewsrequestedfor2008-9:Russia,andanumberothersunderdiscussion,etc.4Factorsbehindtherenewedinterestininnovationpolicyreviews•Knowledgeeconomy:Innovationadriverforgrowth,andInnovationpolicyhasmoveduponthepolicyagenda,andhasbecomeclosertothecoreofeconomicpolicymaking;•Globalisation:Manycountriesperceiveaneedofmakingtheirinnovationpolicymoreeffective,notleasttobetterrespondtothechallengesandopportunitiesofglobalisation;•NISframeworkapproach:Recentlytherehasbeenrenewedinterestinoverallassessmentsofinnovationpolicy,basedonaninnovationsystemsframework•Competitivenessconcern:Thereisastronginterestintherelationbetweeninnovationpolicyandinnovationperformanceandeconomicperformance/competitiveness•Broadinterest:TheinterestforanOECDreviewissharedbycountriesofdifferentlevelsofeconomicdevelo