英语词汇学知识点总结.doc
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英语词汇学知识点总结.doc

英语词汇学知识点总结.doc

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Word-formationWord-formationorword-buildingisthatbranchoflexicologywhichstudiesthepatternsonwhichalanguage,inthiscase,theEnglishlanguage,coinsnewwords、Percentageofnewwordscoinedbythedifferentword-formationprocessesafterWorldWarThethreemajorprocessesofwordformation:positionorpoundingDefinition:poundingisaword-formationprocessconsistingofjoiningtwoormorebasestoformanewunit,apoundword、poundingisthemostproductiveword-formationprocessincontemporaryEnglish、Identitycrisis个性危机stand-upcollar竖领hit-and-runtactics打了就跑得战术spoon-feed填鸭式灌输,娇养糊里糊涂muddle-headed/minded笨嘴笨舌heavy-tongued无忧无虑carefree饱经风霜weather-beaten/worn令人心碎heart-breaking半死不活dead-alive/dead-and-alive不合时宜ill-timed/badly-timed批量生产mass-producepoundsareveryoftenusedbecauseoftheirbrevityandvividness、Forexample,Aschoolboyismoreconcisethan“aboyattendingschool”;“Up-to-the-minuteinformation”ismorevividthan“thelatestinformation”;“Theoldmanwouldsitforhours,thinkingsadlyofallthemight-have-beens”ismorepactandexpressivethan“…thinkingsadlyofthedesirablethingsthatcouldhavehappenedinthepast、”TherelativecriteriaofapoundwordOrthographiccriterion(书写标准):poundsarewritteninthreeways,e、g、solid:airmail;hyphenated:air-conditioning;open:airforce,airraid、Phonologicalcriterion(语音标准):poundaccent:asinglestressonthefirstelement;oramainstressonthefirstelementandasecondarystressonthesecondelement、E、g、'blackboard,'blue‘bottle(alargebuzzingflywithbluebody)Normalphraseaccent:asecondarystressonthefirstelementandamainstressonthesecondelement、E、g、‘blue'bottle(abottlewhichisblue)Semanticcriterion(语义标准):Apoundisabinationformingaunitexpressingasingleidea、Thelexicalmeaningoftheponentsarecloselyjoinedtogethertocreateapoundwithameaningwhichonecaneasilyrecognize,e、g、backdoor,sunset,workday、However,themeaningofapoundisnotalwaysthesumofthemeaningsofitsparts,e、g、dogdays,flatfoot(apoliceman),greenhouse,greenback(美钞),green-hand(生手),greenroom(演员休息室),motherwit(天生得智力),Indianpaper(字典纸)、Moreexamples:homeletters(家信),homevoyage(归程),homelife(家庭生活),homeaf