WuhanInstituteofShipbuildingTechnologyLesson11ALeapinTechnologyforMarineEnginesThemostup-to-datecommonraildieseltechnologyisreliable,clean,economic,durable-andintheMANGroupitisnowavailablefortheengineofasmalltruckuptoalargemarinediesel.最新的柴油机共管技术是可靠、清洁、经济且耐久的。该项技术已在MAN型系列柴油机，从小型筒状机到大型船用柴油机中得以应用。Technology技术Incommonraildieselenginesfuelisinjectedintoallthecylindersviaa“commonrail”.在共管柴油机中，燃油通过一个“公用管”喷入气缸。压力的产生与燃油的喷入与共管系统不相连。Thegenerationofpressureandinjectionoffuelarenotinterconnectedinthecommonrailsystem.与传统的柴油机不同，共管柴油机的喷射压力与转速无关。Unlikeinconventionalsystems,theinjectionpressureisindependentoftheenginespeed.与传统的柴油机不同，共管柴油机的喷射压力与转速无关。Thusthereisalwaysfullpressureavailable.因此总是有最大压力。Thefuelisfirststoredinthefuellineandthen,whenasignalisgivenbytheenginecontrolstothemagneticvalves,injectedintothecylinders.燃油先是储存在管路中，当发动机的控制(系统)发信号给电磁阀时，喷入气缸。Thiscreatesanextremelyfinefuel-airmixturewhichburnsparticularlyefficiently.这样产生了很细的油雾，燃烧效果十分好。Reliability可靠性Reliabilityanddurabilityareanabsolutenecessityinenginesonsea-goingvessels.对远洋船舶而言，发动机的可靠性和耐用性十分必要。ForthisreasonthenewMANB&WDieselcommonrailengineisespeciallydesignedforreliability.正是基于这一点，新型MANB&W共管柴油机针对发动机的可靠性进行了专门设计。Thewholesystem,includingtheelectroniccontrolsisfullyredundant,i.e.everymajorfunctionhasaback-up.整个系统，包括电子控制设备是充分冗余的，也就是，每个主要功能均有备份。Thusthereareatleasttwohigh-pressurepumpstoeverymachine,ensuringthatthepressurenecessaryforfuelinjectionisavailable,evenifonepumpfails.因而，每台发动机至少有两台高压油泵，即使一台泵出故障，也能确保必需的喷油压力。Unlikeinmostothercommonrailengines,theMANinjectionsystemisbasedonconventionalpressure-controlledinjection.与其他共管发动机不同，MAN型发动机的喷射系统是基于传统的压力受控的喷射。Inconventionalstrokecontrolledsystems,whichfunctionwithpilotandpost-injections,thereisapermanentlyhighpressureof1,600bar,forexample,attheneedleseatnearthecombustionchamber.在传统的(柱塞)行程控制的(喷射)系统中，有喷射提前和喷射迟滞。比如在靠近燃烧室的针阀阀座处，总是存在1600bar的高压。IntheMANB&Wsystem,thepressureonthevalveneedleisreleasedbymeansofthesolenoidvalve,whichislocatedawayfromthecylinderhead,att