如果您无法下载资料,请参考说明:
1、部分资料下载需要金币,请确保您的账户上有足够的金币
2、已购买过的文档,再次下载不重复扣费
3、资料包下载后请先用软件解压,在使用对应软件打开
UnitEightGeneralPrinciplesThe2GovernmentsTheFederalgovernmentatWashingtonisconcernedwithforeignaffairs&withmattersofgeneralconcerntoallthestatesincludingcommercebetweenthestates.TheFederalgovernmentalsohas3elements---SeparationofPowersseparationofpower:1.TheCongressTheSenate:100members,electedevery6yearswith2senatorsfromeachstate.(按州)TheHouseofRepresentatives:afixednumber435(按人口),electedevery2years.ThePowersoftheCongress:thelaw-makingbody.Nofederaltaxescanbecollectedormoneyspentwithouttheapprovalofbothhouses.ThePresidentsignsthelaws.Ifherefuses,his“veto”(否决)canbeoverridden(推翻)bya2-thirdsmajorityinbothhouse.Alltreaties,&allthePresident’sappointmentstohighofficearesubjected(提交)totheSenate’sapproval.thepowersofHouse:revenueortaxbills(征税)impeachmentcharges(提出弹劾案)thepowersofSenate:presidentialnominations(任命总统)tryimpeachmentcases(审理总统弹劾案)2.ThePresident:theheadofthegovernment(itsfunctionlikestheBritishPrimeMinisterandthemonarch)President’spowers:1.commander-in-chief:raise,train,supervise(管理),deploy(部署)2.conductforeignpolicy:spokesman(政府代言人)maketreaties缔结条约signexecutiveagreements签订协定3.appointment:SecretaryofState,officers,ambassadors,judgesPresidentElection:35years,borninAmerica,2terms第一步:1月-6月各政党预选,选出代表第二步:7、8月各政党举行全国代表大会,确定该党的总统、副总统候选人,并通过党的竞选纲领。第三步:总统候选人竞选第四步:11月全国选民投票,叫总统大选日:选举代表选民的“选举人”。第五步:12月各州选举人选出新总统真正的总统选举则是在12月第三个星期一举行。届时,各州被推选出的“选举人”将前往各州的首府进行投票,最终选举出总统。当选总统将于次年1月20日宣誓就职。UnitedStatesCabinet美国宪法并没有规定内阁的必然存在,不过,从华盛顿开始,历届总统都设立内阁辅助其行使行政权。所以,美国内阁就成了一个常态存在。成员:国家及国际事务各部部长和总统指定的其他官员组成。3.TheSupremeCourtpower:1.highestcourt(最高裁判权)2.jurisdictionexaminethebill(监督立法权)3.interpretationoftheConstitutionjudicialreview(解释宪法权)PoliticalParties1.TheCrown:therulerinamonarchyheadofstate英国国会的首领thecommander-in-chiefofallarmedforcesheadofthejudicature司法thetemporalhead(世俗领袖)oftheestablishedChurchofEngland.thesymbolofthewholenationTheonlylegallinkbindingthemembersoftheCommonwealthofNationsPrivyCouncil(枢密院)英王的私人顾问机构400人左右,任期终身:王位法定继承人,大