Newmark's classification of texts.doc
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Newmark's classification of texts.doc

Newmark'sclassificationoftexts.doc

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Newmark’sClassificationofTexts1.BasisofClassificationNewmarksuggestssthatalltranslationsarebasedimplicitlyonatheoryoflanguage.Thusinsomerespects(only)anytranslationisanexerciseinappliedlinguistics.NewmarktakesBuhler’sfunctionaltheoryoflanguageasadaptedbyJacobsonastheonethatismostusefullyappliedtotranslating.AccordingtoBuhler,thethreemainfunctionsoflanguagearetheexpressive,theformativeandthevocativefunctions:thesearethemainpurposesofusinglanguage(Newmark,39).2.TypesandCategoriesofTextFigure1.Languagefunctions,text-categoriesandtext-types(Newmark40)FunctionExpressiveInformativeVocativeCoreWriter‘Truth’ReadershipAuthor’sstatus‘Sacred’‘Anonymous’Anonymous’TopicFormatTypeSeriousimaginativeScientificTextbookNoticesliteratureTechnologicalReportInstructionAuthoritativestatementsCommercialPaperPropagandaAutobiographyIndustrialArticlePublicityPersonalcorrespondenceEconomicMemorandumPopularfictionminutesOtherareasofknowledgeorevents(1)TheExpressiveFunctionThecoreoftheexpressivefunctionisthemindofthespeaker,thewriter,theoriginatoroftheutterance.Heusestheutterancetoexpresshisfeelingsirrespectiveofanyresponse.Forthepurposesoftranslation,hethinksthecharacteristic‘expressive’text-typesare:a.Seriousimaginativeliterature.Ofthefourprincipaltypes---lyricalpoetry,shortstories,novels,plays---lyricalpoetryisthemostintimateexpression.b.Authoritativestatements.Thesearetextsofanynaturewhichderivetheirauthorityfromthehighstatusorthereliabilityandlinguisticcompetenceoftheirauthors.Typicalauthoritativestatementsarepoliticalspeeches,documents,etc.byministersorpartyleader.c.Autobiography,essays,personalcorrespondence.(2)TheInformativeFunctionThecoreoftheinformativefunctionoflanguageisexternalsituation,thefactsofatopic,realityoutsidelanguage,includingreportedideasortheoriesforthepurposeoftranslation,typical‘informative’textsareconcernedwithanytopicknowledge,buttextaboutliterarysubjects,astheyoftenexpressvalue-judgments,areapttoleantowards‘expressiveness’.Theformato