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Autobiography(L2)Autobiographyisabranchofliteraturewhichisanaccountofaperson’slife.Autobiographysimplypresentswithamoreelegantandformallyorderedversionofthewriter’sexperiencesandmemories.BenjaminFranklinwasthefirstonetouseitandmadeitpopular.2.AmericanPuritanism(L1)Thewordpuritanisderivedfrompureorholy.Puritanswantedtomakepuretheirreligiousbeliefsandpractices.TheyareagroupofradicalprotestantsTheywishedtorestoresimplicitytochurchservices.Biblewastheonlytrueauthority.FreeVerse(L10)Freeverseisaformofpoetrywithoutaregularrhymeschemeormeter.Instead,itreliesonalliteration,assonance(类似音),imagery,andparallelstructure.WhitmanwasthefirstAmericantousefreeverseextensively(WaltWhitmanisthefatheroffreeverse)WhitmanwasthefirstAmericantousefreeverseextensively,andmadeitpopular.Transcendentalism(L6)TranscendentalismisthesummitoftheRomanticMovementinthehistoryofAmericanliteratureinthe19thcentury.Transcendentalismhasbeendefinedphilosophicallyas“therecognition（认知）inmanofthecapacityofknowingtruthintuitively（直觉地）”.TranscendentalistsplaceemphasisontheimportanceoftheOver-soul(超灵),theindividualandNature.ThemostimportantrepresentativesareRalphWaldoEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau.LocalColorism（Mark）Asatrendfirstmadeitspresencefeltinthelate1860sandearlyseventiesinAmerica.Themovementoncewassomuchwidespreadthatitbecamecontagious.Localcoloristsconcernedthemselveswithpresentingandinterpretingthelocalcharacteroftheirregions.Theytendedtoidealizeandglorify,buttheyneverforgottokeepaneyeonthetruthfulcoloroflocallife.AmericanTallTales（Mark）TallTales离奇故事areexaggeratedandimaginarystoriesfromthe1800's.Theyweremade-uptotellaboutthecouragemanyhadwhileexploringandadventuringtothe"WILD,WILD,WEST".Thesestoriesentertainedpeoplearoundcampfires,onsteamboats,andmanyotherplaces.SentimentalnovelSentimentalnovel(ordomesticnovel),broadlyspeaking,isanynovelthatexploitsthereader’scapacityfortenderness,compassion,orsympathytoadisproportionatedegreebypresentingabeclouded遮蔽orunrealisticviewofitssub
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