1、Ｐuritａｎism（清教主义):PuｒitanismisｔhepｒactiｃeｓandbｅlｉｅｆsoｆｔheＰurｉtans、）sｉmplyspｅaｋｉｎg,ＡmericaｎPｕｒｉtaｎｉsmjｕstrｅfersｔoｔhｅsｐiritandidｅaｌofｐuritans,whoｓettleｄiｎtｈｅNorthＡmeriｃaｎcontｉnentintｈｅeaｒlypａrtoｆtｈesevｅnteeｎthcentｕrｙｂeｃaｕsｅofreligiouspersecutiｏnｓ、）Iｎcontentitmeanssｃruｐｕloｕs,ｍｏralriｇoｒ，eapeｃiaｌlyｈosｔilityｔosoｃiａｌpleasｕreandrelｉｇiｏｎ、)wｉtｈtimepassｉngitｂｅcameaｄominaｎｔfactorｉnＡmeｒicａnliｆe,ｏneoｆtｈeｍostｅnduringshaｐinginfluenｃeｓinAmericaｎtｈoｕghtａndlｉteｒatｕre、tｏsoｍeextｅntitｉsastateｏｆmind，apaｒtｏｆtｈeｎaｔionalculturalatmospherethatｔheＡmerｉcanｂｒeatｈes,ratｈerthanａｓetoftｅnｅts、)Actｕalｌyitiｓacodｅoｆｖalues,apｈｉｌosophyoｆｌｉfeanｄaｐoiｎtofvieｗiｎAｍｅricａnmiｎds,alsoatwo-faｃeｔedtｒａditｉonoｆrｅligiｏuｓｉｄeａlｉｓmaｎdlｅveｌ-ｈeaｄedinｍonsensｅ、5）Majoｒtopic:ＡｍｅｒicanPuriｔaｎismＩnｔrodｕcｔｉonTherewerenowrittenliteratｕｒｅａmongｔｈemｏrethan500ｄiffｅrｅntIndｉanlanguaｇesanｄtribalcultures，ＡmｅrｉcaｎwritinｇbegａnｗithｔｈｅworkofEngliｓhaｄventｕrersandcｏloｎiｓｔsｉntｈeNewWorldｃhieｆlｙforthebeｎｅfiｔｏfrｅadeｒｓｉntｈemothｅrｃｏuntry、Thｅrｅfｏretｈewritingintｈｉspeｒiodｗaｓesseｎtiallｙtｗokinds:(1)pｒacticａlmａtter-of-fａctａccountsoｆfarmiｎg,ｈuｎting,travel,ｅtｃ、desｉgnｅdｔoinｆoｒmpeｏｐle“ａthｏme”whａtlifewaslikｅiｎthｅneｗwｏrld,ａnd,ofteｎ,toｉnducetheiｒｉmmigｒatiｏn；(2)highlytheｏretical,generａｌlyｐｏlemicａｌ(好辩得),discｕｓsionsofrｅligiｏusｑuｅstions、２、ＴｈeＡmeｒiｃanRomaｎticism(浪漫主义)I、WhａｔisRomanticismalｉｔeｒarymovｅmｅntflourishｅdasａculturalforcetｈeｅarｌｙｐｅriｏｄandthｅｌatepeｒioｄ、associatedwiｔhｉmagｉnationanｄbｏunｄlessness,aｓaｎｈistorｉｃalmovemeｎtｉtarｏｓeiｎthe1８thand19ｔhcenｔurｉes、TｈeｍoｓｔcleaｒｌydeｆinedroｍantｉｃliｔｅｒaｒymｏvementiｎtｈeＵ、S、AwasTrａnｓcｅｎｄｅntalｉsm、WashingtoｎＩｒvinｇanｄJａmesＦｅnimoｒｅＣoｏpｅr,ａｎdthoseoｆtheｌateｐeriｏdｃonｔainRａlphWａldoEｍerｓｏn,ＨｅnｒyDａvidＴｈoreａｕ,WaltWｈｉｔman,NaｔhａｎieｌＨawthorｎe，HermanMeｌville,EdgaｒAllanPoｅ、II、FeａｔuresofAｍｅricanｒomanｔicism(1)Itwaｓtheeｘpressionof“arealneweｘperｉence(全新体验）”、(２)ＡmeｒｉcaｎＰurｉtanismwasａcultｕralherｉtａｇe、ManyAmｅricanromantｉｃwｒitiｎgsinｔｅｎdｅdtｏedify(启发)mｏreｔhantheyeｎteｒtａined、(3)AmeriｃanRomantｉcisｍisfｕllof“newness（新奇)”、Ｉｄeａls:Iｎdivｉｄualisｍ;p