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Dr.SunYatsen’sMausoleumAmongthehistoricalandculturalattractionsinNanjing,thebestknownisDr.SunYatsen’sMausoleum.Dr.SunYatsen’sMausoleumsitsonthesouthernslopeofthePurpleMountainintheeasternsuburbsofthecity.DesignedbyayoungarchitectLuYanzhi,themausoleumtookmorethan3yearstobuildandcost1.5millionsilverdollars.TheconstructionbeganonMarch12,1926andcompletedin1929whenDr.SunYatsenwasburiedthereonJune1.Dr.SunYatsen,alsonamedSunWenorSunZhongshan,isconsideredasthefatheroftheChinesedemocraticrevolution.BorninapeasantfamilyinGuangdongProvincein1866,hehadhisprimaryeducationinHonolulu,Hawaiisponsoredbyhiselderbrotherfrom1878to1883.Hewassosadwhenhesawthepovertyofthecountryuponhisreturn.Chinahadbeenasuperpowerforcenturies.ButsincethemiddleofQingDynastyinthe1800’s,Chinabegantodecline,whichowedagreatdealtothecorruptionsandincompetenceoftheQinggovernment.Foreigninvasionsandpeasantrebellionsmadeitevenworse.TheOpiumWarin1840endedwiththe“TreatyofNanjing”.Chinawasforcedtopayanindemnityof21millionsilverdollarsandcedeHongKongtotheGreatBritainandopen5freeportcitiestothewesterners,whichwereGuangzhou,Xiamen,Fuzhou,NingboandShanghai.FollowingwerethewarsagainlaunchedbyFrancein1883andJapanin1894.TheChinesepeoplelivedinamiserablelife.Theywerereferredtothe“sickmanoftheOrient”bythewesterners.Dr.SunYatsendreamedtosavethenationbypracticingmedicineandthatledhimtoHongKongtolearnmedicinewhenhewas21yearsold.However,itdidnotwork.TherealitymadehimgiveuphismedicalcareerinhishometownandMacaobutturntopoliticsin1893.Fromthenon,hekeptpetitioningtotheQinggovernmentforreformsbutwasneverresponded.Atgreatdisappointment,heleftthecountrylaterandwentcanvassingextensivelyintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,EuropeandJapan,tryingtowinthesympathyandsupportfromtheoverseasChinese.Withthefundsraised,heorganized“ReviveChinaLeague”-China’sfirstbourgeoisorganization.Thefollowing1905witnessedthefoundingofthe“ChineseRevolutionaryLeague”headedbyDr.SunYatsen,apartywithaclear-cutprogramof“ExpelTartars,RestoreChina,EstablishRepublic&Equalize
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