Text1CriticalThinkingPartII:(Paras.5–6)Criticalthinkingisimportant.Para.5:It’simportantbecausewe,ascreatures,aredeeplydetermined…byourthinking.Para.6:Ourfutureasaspeciesisdependentonwhetherwecandevelopthewherewithaltoraiseourcollectivethinkingsoastoproducepositivechangesinsocietiesacrosstheworld.PartIII:(Paras.7–10):ThetaskofdevelopingcriticalsocietiesisaHerculeanone.Para.7:topicsentenceandbackgroundinformation.Paras.8--10:Therearemanybarrierstocriticalthought.--Para.8:humanegocentricity,sociocentricity,self-delusion,narrow-mindedness--Para.9:fear,humaninsecurity,humanhabits,bureaucracyPartIV(Paras.11–15):Howdowecultivatecriticalthinking?Paras.11and12:Thiscanbedoneonlyperson-by-personthroughaprocess,whichwecallintellectualwork.Thinkofthe“ElementsofThought”...Areweinthehabitofaskingquestions?Paras.13–15:Whatstandardsdoyouusetoassessyourthinkingandthethinkingofothers?“Iusethestandardsofclarity,accuracy,precision,relevance,depth,breadth,logicandfairness.”Whatis“beingcritical”?'Beingcritical'inacademictermsreferstotwobroadcharacteristicsofaresearcher'swayofthinking.Acriticalresearcherisalwaysquestioning.askingquestion/expressingdoubts:nothingistakenforgranted.scrutinizingevidence:Wherethereisaclaimmade,clarifytheevidencethatsupports.drawingaconclusion:checkiftheclaimsinquestionarecredible-ornot!Whatdowemeanby‘critical’inreading?readbetweenlines:thinkingcarefullyaboutwhatyoureadandwhy:notjustlookingforandreadingtheobviousbeinquisitive:questioningandtestingwhatyouread,e.g.“dotheauthor’sviewpointsandideasappearjustified?Why-orwhynot?”askinggoodquestionsofothersandofyourselfexploringfurtherwhatisnotadequatelydiscussedinwhatyoureadjudgecredibility:judgingwhatisbelievableandwhatisnotspottingandchallengingpotentialbias,distortedviews,prejudice,andself-interest-intheworkofothers,andinyourownthinkingchallengingideas-whereappropriate,andbasedoncredibleevidenceDiscussion(I)Discussion(II)Holmes’waytogettheanswerWatson’swaytogettheanswerCriticalThinking“Stairway”