阅读时的批判性思维Text1CriticalThinkingPartII:(Paras、5–6)Criticalthinkingisimportant、Para、5:It’simportantbecausewe,ascreatures,aredeeplydetermined…byourthinking、Para、6:Ourfutureasaspeciesisdependentonwhetherwecandevelopthewherewithaltoraiseourcollectivethinkingsoastoproducepositivechangesinsocietiesacrosstheworld、PartIII:(Paras、7–10):ThetaskofdevelopingcriticalsocietiesisaHerculeanone、Para、7:topicsentenceandbackgroundinformation、Paras、8--10:Therearemanybarrierstocriticalthought、--Para、8:humanegocentricity,sociocentricity,self-delusion,narrow-mindedness--Para、9:fear,humaninsecurity,humanhabits,bureaucracyPartIV(Paras、11–15):Howdowecultivatecriticalthinking?Paras、11and12:Thiscanbedoneonlyperson-by-personthroughaprocess,whichwecallintellectualwork、Thinkofthe“ElementsofThought”、、、Areweinthehabitofaskingquestions?Paras、13–15:Whatstandardsdoyouusetoassessyourthinkingandthethinkingofothers?“Iusethestandardsofclarity,accuracy,precision,relevance,depth,breadth,logicandfairness、”Whatis“beingcritical”?'Beingcritical'inacademictermsreferstotwobroadcharacteristicsofaresearcher'swayofthinking、Acriticalresearcherisalwaysquestioning、askingquestion/expressingdoubts:nothingistakenforgranted、scrutinizingevidence:Wherethereisaclaimmade,clarifytheevidencethatsupports、drawingaconclusion:checkiftheclaimsinquestionarecredible-ornot!大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持Whatdowemeanby‘critical’inreading?readbetweenlines:thinkingcarefullyaboutwhatyoureadandwhy:notjustlookingforandreadingtheobviousbeinquisitive:questioningandtestingwhatyouread,e、g、“dotheauthor’sviewpointsandideasappearjustified?Why-orwhynot?”askinggoodquestionsofothersandofyourselfexploringfurtherwhatisnotadequatelydiscussedinwhatyoureadjudgecredibility:judgingwhatisbelievableandwhatisnotspottingandchallengingpotentialbias,distortedviews,prejudice,andself-interest-intheworkofothers,andinyourownthinkingchallengingideas-whereappropriate,andbasedoncredibleevidenceDiscussion(I)Discussion(II)Holmes’waytogettheanswerWatson’swaytogettheanswer