DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INFLECTIONAL AFFIXES AND DERIV.doc
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INFLECTIONAL AFFIXES AND DERIV.doc

DIFFERENCESBETWEENINFLECTIONALAFFIXESANDDERIVATIONALAFFIXES.doc

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Thedistinctionbetweeninflectionalaffixesandderivationalaffixes.Inflectionindicatesgrammaticalrelationsbyaddinginflectionalaffixes,suchasnumber,person,finiteness,aspectandcase;theaddingofinflectionalaffixeswillnotchangethegrammaticalclassofthestemstowhichtheyareattached.Forinstance,(a)number:table/tables,apple/apples.(b)person:talk/talks/talking/talked.(c)case:boy/boy's.Andderivation,initsrestrictedsense,referstotheprocessofhownewwordsareformed.Itcanbefurtherdividedintotwosub-types:thederivationaltypeandthecompoundtype.Therefore,"derivation"hereisacovertermbothforthederivationitselfandforthecompound.However,derivationshowsarelationshipbetweenrootsandaffixes,itcontrasttoinflections,canmakethewordclassoftheoriginalwordeitherchangedorunchanged.Wordformsthatcomefromderivationarerelativelylargeandpotentiallyopen.Thesameistrueforwordsendingwiththesamesuffix.So,inEnglish,thereisusuallyoneproductiveinflectionalaffixperword,buttheremayalsoarisemultiplederivationalaffixes.Ofcourse,somewordscancarrybothprefixesandsuffixes.Ontheotherhand,thetermcompoundreferstothosewordsthatconsistsofmorethanonelexicalmorpheme,orthewaytojointwoseparatewordstoproduceasinglenewword.Incompound,thelexicalmorphemescanbeofdifferentwordclasses,likenouncompounds,verbcompounds,adjectivecompounds,prepositioncompounds.Compoundscanbefurtherdividedintotwokinds,theendocentriccompoundandtheexocentriccompound.So,wecandistinguishinflectionalaffixesandderivationalaffixesfrommainlyfourparts:first,inflectionalaffixesaregenerallylessproductivethanderivationalaffixes:Inflectionalaffixesveryoftenaddaminuteordelicategrammaticalmeaningtothestem.Therefore,theyservetoproducedifferentformsofasingleword.Incontrast,derivationalaffixesoftenoftenchangethelexicalmeaning.Second,inflectionalaffixesdon'tchangethewordclassofthewordtheyattachto,suchasflower,flowers,whereasderivationalaffixesmightormightnot,suchastherelationbetweensmallandsmallnessfortheformer,andthatbetweenbrotherandbrotherhoodforthelatter.Third,inflectionala