中学化学方程式大全一,非金属单质(F2,Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si),,,,氧化性(1)氧化性),F2+H2=2HF(冷暗处爆炸冷暗处爆炸)F2+Xe(过量=XeF2(产物为白色过量)=产物为白色)过量产物为白色2F2(过量过量)+Xe=XeF4(产物为白色产物为白色)过量=产物为白色nF2+2M=2MFn(表示大部分金属表示大部分金属)=表示大部分金属2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2=F2+2NaX=2NaX+Cl2(熔融不能是溶液熔融,不能是溶液=熔融不能是溶液)Cl2+H2=2HCl(光照或点燃光照或点燃)光照或点燃3Cl2+2PCl2+PCl3Cl2+2Na3Cl2+2FeCl2+Cu点燃3S+2AlS+Zn△△Al2S3(加酸抑制歧化,加碱或光照促进歧化)加酸抑制歧化,加碱或光照促进歧化加酸抑制歧化Cl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2O=3Cl2+6NaOH=5NaCl+NaClO3+3H2O=2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O3Cl2+6KOH(热,浓)=5KCl+KClO3+3H2O热=3S+6NaOH△ZnS催化剂高温高压N2+3H2N2+3Mg2NH3△Mg3N2N2+6Na=2Na3N=P4+6H2S+O2△2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O4PH3SO2*4P+3KOH(浓)+3H2O=PH3+3KH2PO2浓=*11P+15CuSO4+24H2O=5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4=电炉,还原性(2)还原性),点燃3C+CaO电炉CaC2+CO↑SiC+2CO↑S+6HNO3(浓)=H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O浓=3S+4HNO3(稀)=3SO2↑+4NO↑+2H2O稀=N2+O2=2NO(放电放电)放电4P+5O2点燃3C+SiO2二,金属单质(Na,Mg,Al,Fe),,,,还原性(1)还原性),2Na+H2=2NaH4Na+O2=2Na2O2Na2O+O2△△点燃点燃2PCl3PCl52NaCl2FeCl3P4O10(常写成P2O5)常写成2P+3X2=2PX3(X表示F2,Cl2,Br2)PX3+X2=PX5P4+20HNO3(浓)=4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2O浓=C+2F2=CF4C+2Cl2=CCl4少量)2C+O2(少量少量C+O2(足量足量)足量C+CO2C+H2O2C+SiO2△高温点燃点燃Cl2+2FeCl2=2FeCl3点燃2Na2O2CuCl22Na+O2=Na2O22COCO22Na+S=Na2S(爆炸=爆炸)爆炸2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑=2Na+2NH3=2NaNH2+H24Na+TiCl4(熔融=4NaCl+Ti熔融)=熔融Mg+Cl2=MgCl2Mg+Br2=MgBr22Mg+O2点燃2Cl2+2NaBr=2NaCl+Br2=Cl2+2NaI=2NaCl+I2*5Cl2+I2+6H2O=2HIO3+10HCl=Cl2+Na2S=2NaCl+S↓=Cl2+H2S=2HCl+S↓=Cl2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HCl=Cl2+H2O2=2HCl+O22O2+3FeO2+KS+H22S+CS+FeS+2Cu△△△△点燃2COCO+H2(生成水煤气生成水煤气)生成水煤气Si+2CO(制得粗硅制得粗硅)制得粗硅△△△Si(粗)+2Cl2粗(SiCl4+2H2Si(粉)+O2粉Si+C△SiCl4Si(纯)+4HCl)纯2MgO△Fe3O4SiO2Mg+S=MgS=Mg+2H2O=Mg(OH)2+H2↑=熔融)=2Mg+TiCl4(熔融=Ti+2MgCl2熔融Mg+2RbCl(熔融=MgCl2+2Rb熔融)=熔融2Mg+CO22Mg+SiO2点燃点燃KO2H2SCS2FeSCu2SSiC(金刚砂金刚砂)金刚砂Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2↑=,歧化(3)歧化),Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO=2MgO+C2MgO+Si△Mg+H2S=MgS+H2=Mg+H2SO4=MgSO4+H2↑2Al+3Cl24Al+3O2△*14HCl+K2Cr2O7=2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O2H2O+2F2=4HF+O22H2S+3O2(足量=2SO2+2H2O足量)=足量2H2S+O2(少量=2S+2H2O少量)=少量2H2S+SO2=3S+2H2OH2S+H2SO4(浓)=S↓+SO2+2H2O浓=3H2S+2HNO3(稀)=3S↓+2NO+4H2O稀=5H2S+