1必备知识·盘点夯基1必备知识·盘点夯基Ⅰ．单词立体巧记写准记牢语境运用语境运用写准记牢写准记牢写准记牢语境运用语境运用联想积累：1．以-al结尾的名词集锦①survive→survival幸存②arrive→arrival到达③refuse→refusal拒绝④remove→removal除去；搬迁⑤withdraw→withdrawal撤退2．后缀-ence的名词集锦①evident→evidence证据②consequent→consequence结果③convenient→convenience便利；方便④absent→absence缺乏；缺席⑤competent→competence能力；胜任3．“争论”相关词一览①debatev.&n.辩论；争论②arguev.争论③discussv.讨论④quarrelv.&n.争吵⑤disputev.&n.争论；争端Ⅱ．短语语境助记写准记牢语境运用语境运用Ⅲ．句式运用速记背会原句背会原句背会原句2核心素养·精讲层练survivorn.幸存者survivaln.[U]幸存；[C]残存物survivesth.幸免于……；从……中挺过来survivethewar/anearthquake从战争/地震中幸存survivesb.by…比某人活得长……surviveon…靠……生存survivefrom…从……存活下来；流传下来夯基—单句语法填空。①(牛津高阶)Hisonlychanceof__________(survive)wasahearttransport.②Theplanecrashedinanareaofdensejungle.Therewereno___________(survive).③(2019·浙江卷)BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope,survivingentirely____discarded(丢弃)food.夯基—单句改错。④Thedrugcanhelppeoplesurvivefromheartattacks.__________提能—句式升级。⑤(2020·浙江卷写作)Aftershehadsurvivedthatnight,shewasconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.→_________________________，shewasconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.(分词作状语)designern.设计师；构思者(1)designsth.forsb.为某人设计……bedesignedforsth./sb.为……而设计bedesignedtodosth.目的在于，为了(2)bydesign(＝onpurpose)故意地表示“故意与偶然”的词语小结：(1)故意地：bydesignonpurposedeliberately(2)偶然地：bychancebyaccidentaccidentally夯基—单句语法填空。①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)“Themostfamous___________(design)areChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers，”shesays.②(2019·天津卷)Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially__________(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.③It’ssaidthattheearlyEuropeanplayingcardsweredesigned_____entertainmentandeducation.④Doyouthinkthebuildingwasburntdownbyaccidentor____design?提能—一句多译。设计这个项目本来是要帮助那些困难的学生，结果却和计划的不一样。⑤Thisproject______________________________inneed.Butitjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.⑥Thisproject___________________________inneedjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.(过去分词作定语)⑦Thisproject________________________________________inneedjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.(定语从句)3