1Sonnetisdefinedasanexpressionofhumanemotionwhichiscondensedintofourteenlines.2.Asonnetisaformoflyricpoetrywithfourteenlinesandaspecificrhymescheme.3.Ironyrefertothetechniqueofusingonethingandmeaninganotherwiththeaudienceawareofboth.4.writedownthenamesofthefirstfivemeters:monometer,dimeter,trimeter,tetrameterandpentameter.5.Satireistheuseofhumor,irony,exaggeration,orridiculetoexposepeople’sstupidity,vicesandsomebadphenomenainsociety.6.Figuresofspeech——(Oxymoron)“acleverfool”,“truelies”,“painfulpleasure”,“adeafeningsilence”(Paradox)“Beautyandfollyareoftencompanies.”“Morehaste，lessspeed.”WilliamShakespeare1.WilliamShakespearewasanEnglishpoetandplaywright,widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminentdramatist.Shakespeare’sclosefriend,theplaywrightBenJonson,saidofShakespearethathewas“notofanage,butforalltime”2.“Tobe,ornottobe—thatisthequestion”isalinetakenfromHamlet,thefirstofthegreattragedies,isgenerallyregardedasShakespeare’smostpopularplayonthestage,forithasthequalitiesofa“blood-and-thunder”thrilleranda“philosophicalexplorationoflifeanddeath”.3."Alltheworldisastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers"isfromWilliamShakespeare'swork---.AsYouLikeIt4.ThegreatworksofWilliamShakespeareincludeplays,narrativepoemsandsonnets）.5.Thesentences“Partingissuchsweetsorrow”and“Frailty,thynameiswoman”areabstractedfromtheworkof(WilliamShakespeare)6.ThemostfamoustragediesofShakespeareare:Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth；andthemostfamouscomediesare:AsYouLikeIt,AMidsummerNight’sofDream,TwelfthNight,TheMerchantofVenice7.WilliamShakespeare’scareerisusuallydividedinto3periods.Thefirstperiodconsistsofhishistoricalplaysandcomedies.Thesecondperiodincludeshisgreattragedies.Andinthethirdperiod,hechieflywrotetragic-comedies,ofwhichTheTempestisthemostsignificant.Themeterofsonnet18is(iambicpentameter).InSonnet18,Shakespearemeditateonthedestructivepoweroftimeandeternalbeautybypoetry.DanielDefoe1、DanielDefoeisthefirstimportantEnglishnovelistandaversatilew