美国文学史整理一、ColonialAmerica殖民时期NewEngland：Maine,NewHampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts,RhodeIsland,andConnecticut.DoctrinesofPuritanism清教AmericanPuritanismstressedpredestination（命运神定),originalsin（原罪）,totaldepravity(彻底的堕落),andlimitedatonement(有限的赎罪)fromGod’sgrace.Writingstyle：fresh,simpleanddirectandwithatouchofnobility；therhetoricisplainandhonest.Lifestyle：hardwork,thrift,piety,andsobriety.Mainwriter:①ThomasPaine托马斯·潘恩work：CommonSense(1776)《常识》AmericanCrisis(1776-1783)《美国危机》TheRightsofMan《人权》TheAgeofReason《理性时代》②BenjaminFranklin（本杰明·富兰克林）PoorRichard’sAlmanac《穷查理历书》Autobiography《富兰克林自传》<clarity,goodsense,andsimplicityoftheEnglishessayistsJosephAddisonandRichardSteele>③ThomasJefferson托马斯·杰弗逊DeclarationofIndependence(1776)《独立宣言》<simpleandclear,powerfulandgraceful>二、AmericanRomanticism(earlyperiod)浪漫主义前期1、Characteristics：①Arebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.反对理性主义的客观性。②Feelings,intuitionsandemotionsweremoreimportantforromanticsthanreasonandcommonsense.感受、直觉和情感重于理性和常识。③Anemphasisonindividualism;placingtheindividualagainstthegroup,againstauthority.强调个人主义,将个人与团体,反对权威。④Stressonthecloserelationshipbetweenmanandnature.强调人与自然之间的密切关系。⑤Fascinationwiththewild,theirregular,theindefinite,theremote,themysterious,andthestrange疯狂的迷恋,不规则,不定,远程,神秘,奇怪⑥Cherishingastronginterestinthepast,especiallythemedieval.对过去有强烈的兴趣,特别是中世纪。2、Features：NewexperienceintheAmericanRomanticism.AdeepinfluencefromtheAmericanPuritanism.The“newness”oftheAmericansasanation.3、writersandworks:①HenryWadsworthLongfellow亨利·瓦兹沃思·朗费罗APsalmofLife(1838)《人生礼赞》VoicesoftheNight(1839)《夜吟》TheSongofHiawatha(1855)《海华沙之歌》TheCourtshipofMilesStandish(1858)《迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚》TalesofaWaysideInn(1863)《路边客栈的故事》②WashingtonIrving华盛顿·欧文<FatherofAmericanImaginativeliterature；FatheroftheAmericanshortstory>AHistoryofNewYork(1809)《纽约外史》TheSketchBook(1819-1820)《见闻札记》“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”《睡谷的传说》“RipVanWinkle”《瑞普·凡·温克尔》(ThecognomenofCranewasnotinapplicabletohisperson…..)BracebridgeHall(1822)《布雷斯