会计学定义Definition分类(fēnlèi)Classify急性(jíxìng)腹泻的病因Etiologyofacutediarrhea慢性(mànxìng)腹泻的病因（1）Etiologyofchronicdiarrhea(1)慢性腹泻(fùxiè)的病因（2）发病(fābìng)机制Mechanism1分泌性腹泻1Secretorydiarrhea2渗出性腹泻(fùxiè)3渗透性腹泻(fùxiè)3Osmoticdiarrhea4动力性腹泻(fùxiè)4Dynamicdiarrhea5吸收(xīshōu)不良性腹泻5Malabsorptiondiarrhea临床表现Clinicalmanifestation临床表现临床表现伴随(bànsuí)症状Accompaniedsymptom伴随(bànsuí)症状问诊要点(yàodiǎn)2021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657意识(yìshí)障碍Disturbanceofconsciousness定义(dìngyì)Definition病因(bìngyīn)Etiology病因(bìngyīn)Etiology发生(fāshēng)机制Consciousnessreferstoasetofneuralprocessesthatallowanindividualtoperceive,comprehend,andactontheinternalandexternalenvironments.Itconsistsoftwocomponents:awarenessandarousal.Awarenessreferstothehigher-levelintegrationofmultiplesensoryinputsthatpermitmeaningfulunderstandingselfandenvironment,residinginthecerebralcortex.Arousalreferstoan“on-offswitch”forthecorticalawarenesssystembyascendingreticularactivatingsystem(ARAS),residinginthebrainstem.Anyinjuriesinvolvingbothbilateraldiffusecerebralcortexand/orbrainstemcancausedisturbanceofconsciousness.临床表现Clinicalmanifestation临床表现Clinicalmanifestation4昏迷coma：严重的意识障碍，意识持续的中断或完全丧失It’stheseriousdisturbancesofconsciousness,consciousnessretainsinterruptedorevenlosescompletely.(1)轻度昏迷mildcoma：无自主活动，对声光(shēnɡɡuānɡ)刺激无反应，对疼痛刺激有痛苦表情或肢体退缩等防御性反应；生理反射可存在。It’snospontaneousactivity,noresponsetothesound-opticstimulation,havingthedefensiveresponses(painfulexpressionorwithdrawallimbs)totheachestimulation,thephysiologicalreflectionmayexist.(2)中度昏迷moderatecoma：对周围事物及各种刺激均无反应，对于剧烈刺激或可出现防御性反射，各种生理反射减弱或迟钝(chídùn)，眼球无转动。Ithasnoresponsetothesurroundingsandallkindsofstimulation,ormaypresentthedefensivereflexregardingthefiercestimulation,eachphysiologicalreflectionisweakenorslow,theeyeballdoesnothavetherotation.(3)深度昏迷deepcoma：全身肌肉松弛，刺激无反应，深浅反射均消失Thewholebodymuscleisrelaxation,noresponsetoanystimulation,norshallowreflectionanddeepreflection.谵妄delirium:意识模糊,定向力丧失,感觉(gǎnjué)错乱,躁动不安,言语杂乱aspeical