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考研英语经济类阅读理解及答案考研英语经济类阅读理解及答案：StaggeringThingsareslowtochangeinAmericasboardroomsTHEannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKorn/Ferry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.Thisyearsreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnronsandWorldComs,hashadanimpactontheboardroom--albeitatanaverageimplementationcostthatKorn/Ferryestimatesat$5.1mperfirm.Twoyearsago,only41%ofAmericanfirmssaidtheyregularlyheldmeetingsofdirectorswithouttheirchiefexecutivepresent;thisyearthefigurewas93%.Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompanysboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.AnothersurveyofAmericanboardspublishedthisweek,byA.T.Kearney,afirmofconsultants,foundthatin200214%oftheboardsofSP500firmshadseparatedtheroles,andafurther16%saidtheyplannedtodoso.Butby2004only23%overallhadtakentheplunge.AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishingboards--oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforre-electioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.Inventedasadefenceagainsttakeover,suchboards,accordingtoanewHarvardLawSchoolstudybyLucianBebchukDespitethis,thepercentageofSP500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly--from63%in2001to60%in2003,accordingtotheInvestorResponsibilityResearchCentre.Andmanyofthosefirmsthathavebeenforcedbyshareholderstoabolishthesystemaredoingsoonlyslowly.Merck,apharmaceuticalcompanyintroubleoverthepossibleside-effectsofitsarthritisdrugVioxx,isallowingitsdirectorstoruntheirfulltermbeforeintroducinga
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