INTRA-ANDPOSTOPERATIVEMANAGEMENTandthecerebrospinalfluid(CSF;10%).Astheskullisanon-Advancedexpansiblecontainer,achangeinthevolumeofoneconstit-uentwithinithastobebalancedbyacompensatorychangeinneurologicalmonitoringanother.Asspaceoccupationoccurs,ICPshowslittletendencytoincreaseaslongascompensationisavailable.TheCSFandBradleyKLawthervenousbloodarecontainedinsystemsthatconnecttolow-MichaelKnowlespressureextracranialspaces,sodisplacementofthesetwoconstituentstothespinalsubarachnoidspaceandcentralveinsinthechest,respectively,mayoccur.Asspaceoccupationincreasesfurther,thecompensatoryAbstractmechanismswillbecomeexhaustedandanyincreaseinintra-Neurologicalmonitoring,duringandaftersurgery,potentiallyallowsthecranialcontentswillthenleadtoariseinICP.Aconcomitantfallearlydetectionofinsultstothebrain,andenablestheoptimizationofincerebralperfusionpressure(CPP),ifsustained,willresultincerebralhaemodynamicsandoxygenationinordertopreventneurolog-secondaryneuronalinjury.icalinjury.Globalandregionalbrainmonitoringisnotonlyelucidatingthecomplexpathophysiologyoftheinjuredbrainandemphasizingitsheterogeneousnature,butisalsoenablingtimely,target-guidedthera-cerebralperfusionpressureðCPPÞ¼meanarterialpressureðMAPÞpeuticinterventionsandprognostication.Developmentsinnon-invasiveintracranialpressureðICPÞmonitoringtechniques,coupledwithinvasivemodalitiessuchasintracra-nialpressuremeasurement,jugularbulbandbraintissueoximetry,andThiscerebralpressureevolumerelationshipiscommonlycerebralmicrodialysisprovideamultimodalapproachforcontinuous,referredtoastheintracranialcompliance.Inadultsunderrestingintegratedcerebralmonitoring.Thereismountingevidencethatindividu-conditions,thenormalmeanICPis0e10mmHg.ICPispulsatile,alized,patient-specifictherapy,asguidedbyseveralmonitoringtech-andreflectsthecardiacandrespiratorycycles.ThecriticalICPatniques,maybringusclosertothegoalofimprovingoutcomeafterwhichactionshouldbetakenandtreatmentinitiatedisnotclear,braininjury.andvariesbetween