检测题15Ⅰ.阅读理解LinusPauling,theonlypersonwhohaswontwoundividedNobelPrizes,wasborninPortland,Oregon.HeattendedWashingtonHighSchoolbutbecauseofanunimportantdetailhedidnotreceivehisdiplomauntil1962,longafterhehadreceivedhisBachelor’sdegreeinchemicalengineeringfromOregonStateCollegein1922.Hehadchosentostudyhismajorbecausehecouldgetagoodjobwithit.HewontheNobelPrizeforChemistryin1954forhisresearchintothenatureofthechemicalbondanditsapplicationtotheexplanationofthestructureofcomplexsubstances.Hisinterestinthe“behavior”ofmolecules(分子)ledhimfromphysicalchemistrytobiologicalchemistry,especiallyofthehumanbody.Hebeganwithproteinsandtheirmainparts,theaminoacids(氨基酸),whicharecalledthe“buildingblocksoflife”.In1950,heconstructedthefirstsatisfactorymodelofaproteinmolecule,adiscoveryveryimportanttotheunderstandingofthelivingcell.DuringWorldWarⅡ,PaulingwasamemberoftheResearchBoardforNationalSecurity,forwhichhewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofMeritin1948.However,theuseoftheatomicbombneartheendofthewarturnedPaulinginanewdirection.Havinglongworkedonthestructureofmolecules,hetookanimmediateinterestinthedeadlyeffectsofnuclearfalloutonhumanmolecularstructures.Fromthenon,Paulingprotestedtheproductionofthehydrogenbombsandsupportedthepreventionofthespreadofnuclearweapons.Throughhisefforts,TheNuclear-Test-BanTreaty,declaringallnuclearteststobeillegalexceptundergroundones,cameintoeffectonOctober10,1963,thesamedayLinusPaulingwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPeace.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了LinusPauling一生的成就及其对世界所做出的杰出贡献。他是唯一一位两度独立获诺贝尔奖的科学家。1.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthatLinusPauling.A.didn’tstudyhardwhileinWashingtonHighSchoolB.istheonlyscientistwhohaswontwoNobelPrizesC.wasoncebadlytreatedinWashingtonHighSchoolD.chosetostudychemicalengineeringtoearnhisliving【解析】选D。细节理解题。从第一段最后一句话“Hehadchosentostudyhismajorbecausehecouldgetagoodjobwithit.”可以得出正确答案为D选项。2.WhichofthefollowingthingsdidPaulingpaymuchattentiontoatfirst?A.The“behavior”ofmolecules.B.Physicalchemistry.C.Biologicalchemistry.D.Thehumanbody.【解析】