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SPSS数据统计分析与实践主讲：周涛副教授北京师范大学资源学院2007-11-13教学网站：http://www.ires.cn/Courses/SPSS本页已使用福昕阅读器进行编辑。福昕软件（Ｃ）２００５－２００７，版权所有，仅供试用。第十一章相关分析本章内容：一、相关分析基本原理二、SPSS相关分析实例三、等级相关及SPSS实例四、偏相关分析及SPSS实例五、距离分析及SPSS实例一、相关分析基本原理CorrelationCorrelationCorrelation心血管健康CorrelationCorrelationCorrelationCorrelationCorrelationCorrelationCorrelationSignificanceofrSignificanceofr二、皮尔逊相关分析的注意事项（AttentionsofPearsonCorrelation）Attention1Toevaluateacorrelationcoefficient,firstdetermineitssignificance.Iftheprobabilitythatthecoefficientresultedfromchanceisnotacceptablylow,theanalysisshouldendthere;neitherthecoefficients’signnoritsmagnitudemayreflectanythingotherthansamplingerror.Ifthecoefficientisstatisticallysignificant,thesignshouldgiveanindicationofthedirectionoftherelationship,andthemagnitudeindicatesitsstrength.Remember,however,thatallstatisticsbecomesignificantwithahighenoughN.Keepinmind!!!Attention2Evenifit’sstatisticallysignificant,whetheracorrelationofagivenmagnitudeissubstantivelyorpracticallysignificantdependsgreatlyonthephenomenonbeingstudied.Generally,correlationstendtobehigherinthephysicalsciences,whererelationshipsbetweenvariablesoftenobeyuniformlaws,andlowerinthesocialsciences,whererelationshipmaybehardertopredict.Acorrelationof0.4betweenapairofsociologicalvariablesmaybemoremeaningfulthanacorrelationof0.7betweentwovariablesinphysics.Attention3Bearinmindalsothatthecorrelationcoefficientmeasuresonlystraight-linerelationships.Notallrelationshipsbetweenvariablestraceastraightline.TheFigureshowsacurvilinearrelationshipsuchthatvaluesofyincreasealongwithvaluesofxuptoapoint,thendecreasewithhighervaluesofx.Thecorrelationcoefficientforthisplotis0.Attention4Correlationdoesnotimplycausation.ThefactthatVariableAandVariableBarecorrelateddoesnecessarilymeanthatAcausedBorthatBcausedA(thougheithermaybetrue).Attention5Alsonotethatthescalesusedtomeasuretwovariableshavenoeffectontheircorrelation.Ifyouhadconvertedhoursofexerciseperweektominutesperweek,an
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