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ChineseChessHistoryAncientlyChinahad4traditionalarts:music,painting,calligraphy,andstrategygames.ThesecondsyllableofXiangqi,"qi"istheChinesewordforstrategygames.Thefirstsyllable,"xiang"isthewordforelephant.LikeWesternchess,ChinesechessdescendsfromthegameofChaturanga,fromIndia.FromIndiaitspreadthroughoutAsiaandalsotoMedievalEurope.InChina,thegamereacheditscurrentformduringtheSongDynasty(960-1279AD).TheBoardTheChinesechessboardismadeupof10horizontallines(ranks)and9verticallines(files).ThepiecesareplacedonthelinesratherthaninthesquaresasinWesternchess.Thelinesarebrokenbytheblankspacethatrunshorizontallythroughthemiddleoftheboard.Theblankspaceistheriver.Ateachendthereisasquarewithintersectingdiagonals.Thesearethepalaces,oneforred,andoneforblack.Theothermarkingsareforaidsinplacementofthepiecesatthebeginningofthegame.ThePiecesThePiecesarerounddisksmadeofplastic,wood,etc.Usuallythecolorsareredandblack,andthepiecesareidentifiedbytheChinesecharacterwrittenonthem.ImageName(WesternEquivalent)Pronunciation(Mandarin)NumberOnEachSideAbbreviation將or帅General(King)jiang1/shuai1K士or仕MandarinorAssistant(Queen)shi42MorA象or相Elephant(Bishop)xiang42E马Horse(Knight)ma32HorN车Chariot(Rook)che12R炮Cannonpao42C卒or兵Soldier(Pawn)zu2/bing15PPlacementofPiecesatstartofgameMovementofPiecesExceptthecannon,allpiecescaptureinthesamemannerthattheymove.將or帅General(King)Any1pointonthegridinanorthogonal(non-diagonal)directionwithinthepalace.Itcannotleavethepalaceexceptinatheoreticalmovewhenitmovesalongafilefromitsownpalacetotheenemy'spalacethuscapturingtheenemy'sgeneral.Thereforeitisillegaltomakeanymovethatleavesyourowngeneralinanopenfileoppositetheenemy'sgeneralbecauseitplacesyourgeneralincheck.士or仕MandarinorAssistant(Queen)1pointdiagonallywithinthepalace,i.e.Itcannotleavethepalace.象or相Elephant(Bishop)2pointsinanydiagonaldirection.Cannotleapoveranypiece.Alsoitcannotcrosstheriver.马Horse(Knight)1pointinanorthogonal(non-diagonal)directionfollowedbyonepointinadiagonalpointthusendingtwopointsawayf
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