SIGMUND FREUD AND KARL MARX’S VIEW OF THE ROLE OF.doc
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SIGMUND FREUD AND KARL MARX’S VIEW OF THE ROLE OF.doc

SIGMUNDFREUDANDKARLMARX’SVIEWOFTHEROLEOFRELIGION.doc

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CompareandcontrastSigmundFreudandKarlMarx’sviewoftheroleofreligion.ReligionisvaguelydescribedbytwomaingroupsentitledtheEssentialistsandtheFunctionalists.Essentialistsbelievethatreligionistheexternalbehaviorthatistheproductofaninnerbelief.Ontheotherhand,functionalistsfindreligiontobeanintriguinghumanbehavior,causedbybeliefinmorethanwhatisobservable,whichdemandsanexplanation.TwoprominentadvocatesofFunctionalismwereKarlMarxandSigmundFreud.WhilethesetwoarebothFunctionalists,theirviewsontheroleofreligioncandiffersignificantly.ForapoliticianlikeMarx,heviewedtheeconomicforcesthataffectedreligion.Hebelievedthatreligionwasakindofpacifier.Havingfaithoftennumbedoppressedpeople’ssenseofpainandseparation.Oddlyenough,believinginareligiondidnotencouragepeopletofightagainsttheoppression;instead,Marxfoundthattheyseemedmorecontent,sincetheybelievedtheirtruerewardwasintheafterlife.Therefore,Marxdefinedreligionasapacifyingforcethatwasdeterminedbyeconomicforces.Ontheotherhand,SigmundFreudstudiedthepsychologyofreligion.Duetoonedocumentedencounterwithapatientduringpsychoanalysis,hebelievedthatreligionandobbsessionalitywenthandinhand.Freudalsodeterminedthatreligionwasauniversalformofneurosis,butthistheorywashardlybasedonanyrealdata.Freud’sbeliefsthatreligionisanillusioncausedbywishfulfillmentaregenerallyacombinationofgeneralpsychoanalytictheoryandhisownpersonaldisdainofreligion.Evenso,Freudfocusedhistheoriesonreligiononthebasisofpsychologicalforces.WhileMarxandFreuddifferintheirbeliefofthecauseofreligion,bothofthemstatethatreligion’spurposeistomakepeoplefeelasiftheyarepartofagroup.Marxstatedthatreligionreducesaperson’sawarenessofalienation,andFreudbelievedthatreligionwasaplaceforpeopletoexhaustantisocialanxieties.Therefore,whilebothofthesemendifferintheirbeliefoftheroleofreligionforthemostpart,theydosharesomecommongroundasFunctionalists.