PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT2epic史诗:alongnarrativepoem,grandinstyle,aboutheroesandheroicdeeds,embodyingheroicidealsofanationorraceinthemaking.BeowulfistheEnglishnationalepicthatwaspassedfrommouthtomouthandwrittendownbymanyunknownhands.Conceit:akindofmetaphorthatmakesacomparisonbetweentwostartlinglydifferentthings.Aconceitusuallyprovidestheframeworkforanentirepoem.Anespeciallyunusualandintellectualkindofconceitisthemetaphysicalconceit,usedbycertain17th-centurypoets,suchasJohnDonne..Epiphany(顿悟）:asuddenrevelationoftruthaboutlifeinspiredbyaseeminglytrivialincidentMetaphysicalpoetry:玄学诗派thepoetryofJohnDonneandother17th-centurypoetswhowroteinasimilarstyle.Itischaracterizedbyverbalwitandexcess,ingeniousstructure,irregularmeter,colloquiallanguage,elaborateimagery,andadrawingtogetherofdissimilarideas.Streamofconsciousness意识流:akindofwritingtechniqueinwhichacharacter'sperceptions,thoughts,andmemoriesarepresentedinanapparentlyrandomform,withoutregardforlogicalsequence,chronology,orsyntax.Oftensuchwritingmakesnodistinctionbetweenvariouslevelsofreality--suchasdreams,memories,imaginativethoughtsorrealsensoryperception.heroiccouplet英雄双韵体twosuccessivelinesofrhymedpoetryiniambicpentameter.GeoffreyChaucer’smasterpieceTheCanterburyTalewaswritteninheroiccouplet.balladmeter民谣体traditionallyafour-linestanzacontainingalternatingfour-stressandthree-stresslines,usuallywitharefrainandtherhymeschemeofabcb.RobertBurns’“ARed,RedRose”isagreatloveballad.sonnet十四行诗afixedformconsistingoffourteenlinesof5-footiambicverse.ItfirstflourishedinItalyinthe14thcentury.WilliamShakespearewasagreatEnglishsonnetwriterfamousforhis154sonnets.iambicpentameter五步抑扬格thebasiclineinEnglishverse,withfivefeetinaline,usuallyanunaccentedsyllablefollowedbyanaccentedsyllable.ItwasprobablyintroducedbyGeoffreyChaucerandcertainlyestablishedbyhiminTheCanterburyTales.image意象aconcreterepresentationofanobjectorsensoryexperience.Typically,sucharepresentationhelpsevokethefeelingsassociatedwiththeobjectorexperienceitself.Manyi