现在分词和过去分词的用法现在分词可用于：①构成进行时。e.g.WearestudyingEnglish.②当副词作状语。e.g.Thechildrencame,singinganddancing.③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。e.g.Fallingleavesdancedintheair.Isawmanybirdsflyingalongtheriver.Thestoryisverymoving.过去分词可用于：①构成完成时。e.g.Theplayhadbegunwhenwearrivedthere.②构成被动语态。e.g.Englishiswidelyspokenintheworld.③当副词作状语。e.g.Seenhere,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。e.g.aboynamedTomIsawthegirlkilledwithmyowneyes.I'minterestedinEnglish.现在分词与过去分词的两大差别何为主动关系、被动关系？把握主、被动关系的两个前提1作状语时Seeingtheteachercomein,allthestudentsstoodup.thestudents是seeing的逻辑主语Heated,themetalexpands.themetal是heated的逻辑主语结论：分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。2作宾补时Isawhimreadinglastnight.him是reading的逻辑主语Hiswifefoundhishairdyedblack.hair是dyed的逻辑主语结论：分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。3作表语时Thefilmismoving.thefilm是moving的逻辑主语Thevisitorslookedsurprised.thevisitors是surprised的逻辑主语结论：分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。4作定语时Thisisaninterestingbook.book是interesting的逻辑主语Themovedchildrenlookedserious.children是moved的逻辑主语结论：分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词（即中心词）。5用于复合结构中时（即在独立主格中与with复合结构中）Withthetaskcompleted,wewentouttotakesomefreshair.thetask是completed的逻辑主语ItbeingSunday,theyhadnoclasses.it是being的逻辑主语结论：分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合结构中的逻辑主语分词所作成分确定分词的使用的具体步骤一、分词作定语1.Therewasaterriblenoise____thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed简析：据语法分析可知，待选部分是修饰noise的定语短语；据常识“雷声随闪电之后到来”，自然Anoisefollowsthesuddenburstoflight,noise与follow是主动关系。因此，该题应选B。2.TheOlympicGames,____in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying简析：根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰TheOlympicGames的后置分词短语；TheOlympicGames是动词play的承受者，且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此，该题选C。3.What’sthelanguage____inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak简析：该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句whichisspoken4.Mostofthepeople____tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句whowereinvited5.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwri