名词、代词及主谓一致主谓一致通常遵循三条原则，即语法一致，意义一致和就近一致原则。1．语法一致原则即按主语的语法形式（单复数）确定谓语的形式。1）单数主语后面跟由with，alongwith，togetherwith，except引导的介词词组时，谓语用单数形式。例如：Theactress,alongwithhermanagerandsomefriends,isgoingtoapartytonight.2）在either，neither，one，each，every+n.，everyone，everybody，noone，nobody，anyone，someone，somebody，manya，morethanone，oneof等后面动词应用单数。例如：Oneofmyfriendshasafinecollectionofstampsofeverykindanddesign.Ifeitherofyoutakesavocationnow,we’llnotbeabletofinishthework.注意在“oneofthosewho/that”结构中，who/that从句后面的动词应用复数。而在“theonlyoneofthosewho/that”结构中，who/that从句后面的动词应用ナ纾?Oneofthepatientsthatwereoperatedonhasaninfection.Sheistheonlyoneofthosegirlswholikesfootballinourclass.2.意义一致原则即按意义而不按形式来确定主语的单复数以及谓语动词的单复数。1）集合名词表一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。常见的有：committee,team,club,crowd,family,group,board,firm,jury,troop,government,army,class,staff,party,union,organization,audience等。例如：Ourteamissuretowinthegame.若表示众多成员时，谓语则用复数。例如：Theteamaredrivingtothegameintheirowncars.2）有些名词形式上是单数而意义上是复数。如:people,police,cattle,poultry,crew,folk,vermin等，这类词做主语时，谓语用复数。例如：Thepolicearegoingtoquestioneveryoneinthehouse.3）某些形式上是复数而意义上是单数的名词作主语时，接动词单数。常见的词有：news,politics,physics,billiards,arthritis,mathematics,arithmetics,theUnitedStates等。例如：Mathematicsisaverydifficultsubject.4）不定代词或名词词组中心词是all，most,half，therest，theremainder，most，more，any，none等作主语时，其主谓一致关系一般遵循意义一致的原则。例如：Therestofthelectureisdull.Therestofthebicyclesareonsaletoday.5）如果名词词组中心词是分数或百分数后跟of词组，一般根据意义一致原则来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。例如：Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.6）表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词，尽管是复数形式，如果作整体看待，动词也可以用单数形式。例如：Tenpoundswasmissingfromthetill.Tenyearsisamomentinhistory.3.就近一致的原则即要求动词与最近的成分保持数的一致。由并列连词or，either…or…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语形式要与邻近它的主语一致。例如：Eitherfansoranair-conditionerisnecessaryforthislab.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.在there,here引起的结构中，如主语有好几个，则谓语动词可与最邻近的主语取得一致。例如：TherewasaTVset,aportraitandseveralalbumsontheshelf.Hereareafewenvelopes,apenandsomepaperinthedrawer.4.其它1.