1-常见细菌分类细菌分类系统细菌命名细菌鉴定的方法革兰染色革兰阳性球菌链球菌分类重要特征革兰阳性杆菌大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息革兰阳性杆菌重要特征革兰阴性球菌革兰阴性杆菌分科思路肠杆菌科与非发酵菌区别肠杆菌科各族区别鞭毛染色区别非发酵菌THEMAINBACTERIAFAMILIES主要的细菌家族SIMPLIFIEDCLASSIFICATIONSTAPHYLOCOCCI葡萄球菌•CocciGram+inchains,Catalase–链状分布的G+球菌，触酶–•9%ofbacteriaisolatedinroutine占日常检出菌的9%•Mainspeciesandpathogenicity:主要的种和致病性-Streptococcuspyogenes(A)化脓链球菌:angina咽痛-Streptococcusagalactiae(B)无乳链球菌:meningitisofnew-borns新生儿脑膜炎Enterococcusfaecalis,facium(D):urinaryinfections粪肠球菌，屎肠球菌：尿路感染-Streptococcuspneumoniae肺炎链球菌:otitis耳炎,pneumonia肺炎,meningitis脑膜炎-Streptococcinotgrouped:endocarditis心内膜炎•Specimen:标本-urine尿,throat咽式子,sputum痰,genitalspecimen生殖道标本,CSF脑脊液,blood血•Culturemedia:培养基-Non-selective非选择性培养基:bloodagar血琼脂平板-Selective选择性培养基:ColumbiaCNA哥伦比亚CNA•Gram-bacilli,Oxidase–G-杆菌，氧化酶-•60%ofbacteriaisolatedinroutine占日常检出菌的60%•Saprophytesorcommensalbacteria(digestivetract...)腐生或者共生菌（消化道…)•Maingenus:主要的种-Escherichiacoli大肠埃希菌属,Klebsiella克雷伯菌属,Proteus变形杆菌属,Providencia普罗威登斯菌属-Citrobacter枸橼酸杆菌属,Enterobacter肠杆菌属,Serratia沙雷菌属-Salmonella沙门菌属,Shigella志贺氏菌属,Yersinia耶尔森氏菌属•Pathogenicity致病性:various各式各样•Specimen:标本-Allspecimen所有种类标本•Culturemedia:培养基-Non-selective非选择性培养基:PurpleLactoseAgar碱性乳糖琼脂-Selective选择性培养基:MacConkey,Drigalski麦康凯平板，石蕊乳糖琼脂培养基•=Nonfermenting=非发酵菌•Gram-Bacilli,Oxidase+G-杆菌，氧化酶+•6%ofbacteriaisolated占日常检出菌6%•Saprophytebacteria腐生菌:opportunisticpathogens机会致病菌•Mainspecies:主要的种-Pseudomonasaeruginosa铜绿假单胞菌-Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia,Acinetobacter:Ox-嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌-Aeromonas气单胞菌属,Chryseobacterium单胞菌属,Pasteurella巴斯德氏菌-Vibriocholerae霍乱弧菌•Pathogenicity:致病性urinaryinfections尿路感染,suppurations化脓,septicemia败血症,meningitis脑膜炎…•Specimen:标本-urine尿,genitalspecimen生殖道标本,pus脓,blood血,CSF脑脊液•Culturemedia:培养基-Nonselective非选择性培养基:PurpleLactoseAgar碱性乳糖琼脂-Selective选择性培养基:MacConkey,Drigalski麦康凯平板，石蕊乳糖琼脂培养基•Gram-bacilli,Oxidase+G-杆菌，氧化酶+•Verymotilebacteria运动型菌•Sourceofcontamination污染源:birds鸟类,chicken鸡肉,pork猪肉Menarecontaminatedbyingestingsoiledfood人被感染的原因是吃下污染的