MicroRNAExpressionDetectionMethodsZhiguoWanglBaofengYangMicroRNAExpressionDetectionMethodsDr.ZhiguoWangMontrealHeartInstituteResearchCenter5000BelangerStreetMontrealQCH1T1C8Canadazhiguo.wang@icm-mhi.orgorwangz@mirna-tech.comDr.BaofengYangHarbinMedicalUniversityDept.Pharmacology150086HarbinChina,People’sRepublicyangbf@ems.hrbmu.edu.cnISBN:978-3-642-04927-9e-ISBN:978-3-642-04928-6DOI10.1007/978-3-642-04928-6SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYorkLibraryofCongressControlNumber:PCNAppliedfor#Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,speci?callytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicro?lmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.DuplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspeci?cstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotec-tivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.Coverdesign:WMXDesignGmbH,Heidelberg,GermanyPrintedonacid-freepaperSpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)PrefaceMicroRNAs(miRNAs),endogenousnoncodingregulatorymRNAsof22-nucleotides,haverapidlyemergedasthecentralplayersingeneexpressionregulation.Owingtotheirever-increasingimplicationsinthecontrolofvariousbiologicalandpathologicalprocesses,miRNAshavenowbeenconsiderednovelbiomarkersofvarioushumandiseasesincluding,cancer,viraldisease,cardiovas-culardisorders,metabolicdisturbances,etc.Particularexpressionpro?leshavebeenassociatedwithparticularpathologicalstates.Expressionpro?lingofmiR-NAshavethereforebecomeextremelyimportantnotonlyf