二语习得复习提纲二语习得复习提纲二语习得复习提纲ChapterIIntroductionDescribingandExplainingL2Acquisition1。1Whatissecondlanguageacquisition？Secondlanguagereferstoanylanguagethatislearnedsubsequenttothemothertongue。1.2Whatarethegoalsofsecondlanguage?ThegoalsofSLAaretodescribehowL2acquisitionproceedsandtoexplainthisprocessandwhysomelearnersseemtobebetteratitthanothers。1.3TwocasestudiesofL2learners1。3。1Acasestudyofanadultlearner1。3。2AcasestudyoftwochildlearnersWhatdothesecasestudiesshowus?a.TheyraiseanumberofimportantmethodologicalissuesrelatingtohowL2acquisitionshouldbestudiedb.Theyraiseissuesrelatingtothedescriptionoflearnerlanguagec。TheypointoutsomeoftheproblemsresearchersexperienceintryingtoexplainL2acquisition.1.4MethodologicalissuesWhatisthatneedstobedescribed？a.Whatitmeanstosaythatalearnerhasacquiredafeatureofthetargetlanguage？b.Whetherlearnershaveacquiredaparticularfeature?c。Howtomeasurewhetheracquisitionhastakenplace?(Learner’soveruseoflinguisticforms。）1。5Issuesinthedescriptionoflearnerlanguagea.Learnersmakeerrorsofdifferentkinds.b.Learnersacquiredalargenumberofformulaicchunks,whichwillinfluencetheirperformanceincommunicationandthefluencyoftheirunplannedspeech.c.Whetherlearnersacquirethelanguagesystematically?1。6IssuesintheexplanationofL2acquisitionItemlearning：formulaicchunksSystemlearning:rulesInternal(mentalist)account:Externalaccount：Chapter2theNatureofLearnerLanguage2.1Errorsanderroranalysis2.1.1Identifyingerrors2.1.1。1Comparethelearner'slanguagewiththenormalones。2.1。1。2Distinguisherrorsandmistakes。Definition:Errorsreflectgapsinalearner’sknowledgeMistakesreflectoccasionallapsesinperformance。Methods:a。Checktheconsistencyoflearners'performance.b。Askthemtocorrecttheirownutterance.Errorsandmistakes：2。1。2DescribingerrorsMethods:a.errortypeoriented：b.errormakeroriented：Meaning:Classifyingerrorsinthesewayscanhelpustodiagnoselearners’learningproblemsatanyonestageoftheirdevelopmentand,alsotoplothowchangesinerrorpatternsoccurovertime。2。1.3Explaini