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机械专业英语翻译软件2011-02-01机械专业英语翻译软件问：MechanicalPropertiesofMetalsMechanicalpropertiesarethecharacteristicresponsesofamaterialtoappliedforces.Knowledgeofmechanicalpropertiesofmaterialsisessentialinordertoconstructamechanicallysoundstructuresuchasabridgeontheriver.Mechanicalpropertiescanbedeterminedbyconductingexperimentaltestsonthematerialsamples.Someimportantmechanicalpropertiesofmaterialsare：strength(intension,compression,shear,bendingandtorsion),stiffness(strength),ductility,impactstrength,hardnessandtoughness.1.StrengthTheStrengthofamaterialmaybedefinedastheabilityofthematerialtosustainloadswithoutunduedistortionorfailure.Materialshouldbeadequatelystrongwhensubjectedtotension,compression,shear,bendingortorsionaspertheintendeduse.Forexample,thecrankshaftofanautomobileshouldhavesufficienttorsionstrength.2.StiffnessStiffnessistheabilityofamaterialorshapetoresistelasticdeflection.Foridenticalshapes,thestiffnessisproportionaltothemodulusofelasticity.Amaterialwhichdeformslessunderagivenloadisstifferthanonewhichdeformsmore.3.DuctilityDuctilityreferstothecapacityofamaterialtoundergodeformationundertensionwithoutruptureasinawiredrawingoperation.4.ImpactStrengthImpactstrengthisthestrengthofamaterialwhensubjectedtohighratesofloading,usuallyinbending,tensionortorsion.TheamountofenergyrequiredtofracturethematerialbyasingleblowismeasuredbymeansofaCharpyimpacttest.5.HardnessHardnessistheresistanceofamaterialtoplasticdeformationusuallybyindentation.However,thetermmayrefertostiffnessorrefertoresistancetoscratching,abrasionorcutting.Tests,suchasVickers,BriellandRockwell,aregenerallyemployedtomeasurehardness.6.ToughnessToughnessreferstotheabilityofamaterialtowithstandbendingortheapplicationofshearstresseswithoutfracture.Bythisdefinition,copperisextremelytoughbutcastironisnot.MaterialsSustainLoadsOnTensionMaterialsSustainLoadsOnShearMaterialsSustainLoadsonbendingMaterialsSustainLoadsontorsion答：MechanicalPropertiesofM
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