语法网络图一．名词I.名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，可数名词团体机构不可数名词名称个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数：1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式-s或-es。现将构，一般在单成方法数形与读式后面音规则加列表如下：规则例词1一般情况-s在词尾map-maps,加sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名-es词后加class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes以-f或-fe结尾的变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives3词加-sbelief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs4以辅音字y结尾的名母y为i加加-es词，变party-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities以元音字母加y结尾的名词y结，或专有名词以5toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys尾的，加-s一般加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes以辅-o音字母加6不少外来-spiano-pianos,词加photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos结尾的名词两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字-o结尾的名-s母加词加radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名-s词加truth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元man-men,音字woman-women,母或其foot-feet,goose-geese,他形mouse-mice式2单复数相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,3只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集体名词总people,是用police,cattle,staff作复数部分集体名词既可以作单数audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,（整体）也可以government,作5复数（成员）population,crew,team,public,enemy,partycustoms(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),6复数形式表示特sands(别含沙滩),papers(文件义),manners(报纸礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans表示单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese7“某国以-man或-woman结尾-men,-的改为人”Englishmen,Frenchwomenwomen将主体名词变为sons-in-law,lookers-on,复数passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends合成名8无主体名词时将grown-ups,housew最后ives,stopwatches一部分变为复数词将两部分变为复womensingers,men数servantsIII.名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，of加名二词是由介词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1.’s所有格的构成：单数名词’s在末尾theboy’加sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,一般在末’尾加theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,复数名词不规则复’s数名词thechildren’stoys,wom