GeneratedbyFoxitPDFCreator©FoxitSoftwarehttp://www.foxitsoftware.comForevaluationonly.语法网络图一．名词I.名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构可数名词不可数名词名称个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数：1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes以-f或-fe结尾的变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives3词加-sbelief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结5toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys尾的，加-s一般加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes以辅音字母加-o6不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos结尾的名词两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,3只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,5复数（成员）population,crew,team,public,enemy,partycustoms(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮6复数形式表示特别含义料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans表示单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese7“某国以-man或-woman结尾的改为人”Englishmen,Frenchwomen-men,-women将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends合成名8无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches词将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservantsIII.名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1.’s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加’stheboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in