简单句复合句一、词法(cífǎ)名词1、专有名词的分类：2、普通名词（1）集合名词（2）物质名词（3）抽象名词名词在句中的作用：1）主语(zhǔyǔ)Horserunsfasterthanelephant.2）表语Heisateacher.3）宾语或构成复合宾语Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.4）定语或同位语Thisisashoestore.5）呼语ProfessorWang,thisiswhatyouneed.6）状语Thelecturelastedanhour.名词的复数形式:要记规则和不规则词的变化形容词在句中主要是作:1)定语Wehavehadaninterestingclass.2)表语Thenewsisinteresting.3)复合宾语Ifoundthenewsinteresting.4)状语Hearrivedhome,coldandhungry.记住以a开头的形容词不能作定语:如alone,afraid,asleep,alive等,eg：一条(yītiáo)活鱼是,afishalive/alivingfish.而非analivefish.形容词的比较及以及最高级的用法副词(fùcí)数词(shùcí)人称(rénchēng)代词：主格：I/you//he/she/we/she/it/we/you/they只作主语宾格：me/you/him/her/it/us/them只作宾语物主代词：形容词型：my/your/his/her/its/our/your/their定语名词型：mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/yours/theirs名词型的作用相当于名词的作用自身代词：单数：myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself复数：ourselves/yourselves/themselves自身代词可作：宾语、表语及主语或宾语的同位语代词相互代词：oneanother/eachother指示代词：this/that/these/those作主语、宾语、表语、定语such作定语、主语、表语疑问代词：who作主语或表语whom作宾语whose/what/which作主语、表语、宾语、定语关系代词：who/whom/whose/that/which作主语、宾语、表语、定语连接代词：包括疑问代词不定代词：all/each/every/both/either/neither/one/none/little/few/many/much/other/another/some/any/no/something/nothing等动词及物动词跟宾语不及物动词不跟宾语系动词跟表语助动词跟动词原形(yuánxíng)或分词（无特殊意义）情态动词跟动词原形(yuánxíng)（有自己的意思）动词具有人称、数、时态、语态、语气的变化，还要注意动词过去式与过去分词中规则与不规则的变化基本(jīběn)时态动词的非谓语形式todo/doing/done1.以doing为宾语的动词2.以todo为宾语的动词3.以todo/doing为宾语,但意义(yìyì)有别的动词4.以todo/doing为宾语,意义(yìyì)无差别的动词非谓语动词的时态和语态:如:tobedone/tohavedone/tohavebeendone/tobedoingbeingdone/havingdone/havingbeendone冠词定冠词aan不定冠词the连词(liáncí)动词(dòngcí)的考法通过语境来判断时态，如：1、----Howareyoutoday？(NMET2000)----Oh，IasillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A.didn’tfeelB.wasn’tfeelingC.don’tfeelD.haven’tfelt2..Theprice,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.(NMET99)A.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedownD.wasgoingdown3.---Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!(NMET99)----Oh,I’mterriblysorry..A.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnotice4---Youhaven’tbeentoBeijing,haveyou?(NMET98)---.HowIwishtogothere!A.Yes,Iha