Unit3被动语态①BoththeheadsetsandtheglovesareconnectedtoacomputernetworkintheVRstudio.②Inonecase,ateenagerwhowasafraidoftalkingandplayingwithhisschoolmateswastreatedwithVR.③Toachievethis,specialVRheadsetsaredesignedtoallowtheuserstoseein3­Dandhearthesoundallaroundthem.④Engineerscanenterthedesignofaneighbourhoodintoacomputer,andthenuseVRto‘walk’aroundtheneighbourhood,seehowitlooksandmakechangesbeforeconstructioniscarriedout.⑤Besidesthis,VRcanbeusedtopractiseskillsinasecureenvironmentthatotherwisewouldbequitedangerous.⑥However,withVRweareabletodothingsthatcouldneverbeachievedinreallife.[我的发现](1)在被动语态的句子中主语是动作的；(2)在被动语态的句子中谓语的基本构成形式为：助动词＋及物动词的。(3)在被动语态的句子中谓语可以有各种或含有动词。一、概念英语中动词有主动语态ActiveVoice和被动语态PassiveVoice之分。如果主语是动作或状态的发出者，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的承受者，动词就用被动语态。OurEnglishteacherencouragedMary.我们英语老师鼓励了玛丽。MarywasencouragedbyourEnglishteacher.玛丽受到了我们英语老师的鼓励。第一句中的动词encouraged是主动语态；第二句中的动词wasencouraged是被动语态。二、构成被动语态的基本结构是：“助动词be/get＋过去分词”。被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词take为例，其常见时态的被动形式如下表：Youarewantedonthephone.有你的电话。(一般现在时)Therailwaywasbuiltin1998.这条铁路建于1998年。(一般过去时)Anewrailwayisbeingbuiltinthiscity.这个城市正在修建一条新的铁路。(现在进行时)Therailwaywasbeingbuiltthistimelastyear.去年这个时候这条铁路正在修建。(过去进行时)Thenewrailwayhasalreadybeenbuilt.新铁路已经建成了。(现在完成时)Thenewrailwayhadbeenbuiltbytheendoflastyear.这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了(过去完成时)Anewrailwaywillbebuiltinthiscitynextyear.这个城市明年将建一条新的铁路。(一般将来时)Hetoldusthatthenewrailwaywouldbebuiltthenextyear.他告诉我们新铁路将于第二年建成。(过去将来时)①I(give)anewbookonmylastbirthday.②Theroom(clean)beforewecame.③Thesinger(say)tohavebeenaccusedoftakingdrugs.④Thephysicslesson(teach)inthelabtomorrow.⑤Theflowers(water)bythemnow.三、被动语态的使用场合(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。Mr.White,theroomhasbeenoccupied.怀特先生，房间已经被占用了。(2)突出或强调动作的承受者时。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.这些唱片是由JohnDenver录制的。四、含有情态动词、感官动词以及短语动词的被动语态1．情态动词(may,might,can,could,should,oughtto,must)＋be＋过去分词，构成被动语态。Nowadays,solarenergycanbeusedtoproduceelectricityinmanycountries.现在太阳能在许多国家可以被用来发电。Arealsenseofachievementandhappine