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考研英语的阅读一经济篇选自美国《economist》HYPERLINK"http://twitter.com/share"TweetINRECENTyearsStandardChartered’sshareshavetradedatapremiumtoitspeersinlargepartbecauseitsbusinessesarefocusedonAfrica,AsiaandtheMiddleEast.AlthoughheadquarteredinLondon,only5%ofgrouppre-taxprofitin2011directlystemmedfromtheAmericas,BritainandEurope.Thebankhasbeenabletosellitselfasaplayonthebounciestpartsoftheworldeconomy,andtheonesleastexposedtotheWesternregulatoryminefield.Nolonger.Thebank’ssharesswoonedthisweek(seechart)aftertheNewYorkStateDepartmentofFinancialServices(DFS)issuedaninflammatory27-pageorder,labellingStandardChartereda“rogue”institutionandaccusingitof“graveviolationsoflaw”forallegedlyhiding60,000transactions,totalling$250billion,toenableIrantoevadeAmericansanctions.That,theDFSsaid,exposedAmerica’sfinancialsystemto“terrorists,weaponsdealers,drugkingpinsandcorruptregimes”.AfootnoteintheordersaidthatinthecourseofinvestigatingIraniantransactions,evidencewasuncoveredofsimilar“schemes”onbehalfofothercountriessanctionedbyAmerica,suchasLibyaandMyanmar.Thesensationalistlanguagedescribessomesensationalcharges.TheDFSsaysStandardChartered’sactionsweretheresultofa“documentedwillingnessofitsmostseniormanagementtodeceiveregulatorsandviolateUSlaw”.Thesuspecttransactionstookplacebetween2001and2007,aperiodwhensanctionsagainstIranwerelargelyimposedonlybyAmericaandeventhencouldbeavoidedbyusinga“U-turn”transactionwherebydollar-basedpaymentscouldpassthroughAmericaonconditiontheydidnotendthere,werenotrerouteddirectlytoIran,andweretightlydocumented.AccordingtotheDFS,from2001StandardCharteredbegandoingbusinesswiththecentralbankofIranonbehalfoftheNationalIranianOilCompany,whichreceived$500madayindollarpayments.TheorderallegesthatStandardChartered’slegalcounselsaidtheclientandthepurposeofthesepaymentsshouldnotbeidentified.Asaresult,anyreferencetoIranianclientsinwiretransferswasmasked.Overtimethemaskingprocessbecamesolargethatitwasautomated.TheDFSsaysthisdidnotsitwellwitheveryone.In2006,accordingtotheo
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