概述自身免疫病及其发病机理自身免疫病疫苗展望NewvaccinedevelopmentNewvaccinesagainstinfectiousdiseasesDevelopmentofDNAvaccinesDevelopmentoftherapeuticvaccinesAdvancesincurrentvaccinesStreptococcuspneumoniae、InfluenzavirusNewvaccinesagainstnon­infectiousdiseasesCancerAutoimmunediseasesNewvaccinedeliverytechnologyPrincipleofdeliveringvaccinesinedibleplants.Agenefromahumanpathogenisinsertedintoabacteriumthatinfectsplants(A).Thebacteriumtheninfectsculturedleafsegmentsoftheselectedfoodplant(B),whichsproutintowholeplantscontainingthehumanpathogengene(C).Oncetheplantiseaten,ittriggersanimmuneresponsetothepathogen一、自身免疫病的基本概念：自身免疫（autoimmunity）机体免疫系统对自身成分发生免疫应答，产生自身抗体或自身反应性T淋巴细胞的现象。自身免疫病（autoimmunedisease，AID）若自身耐受机制遭破坏，自身免疫应答的质或/和量发生异常，则自身抗体和自身反应性淋巴细胞可攻击并破坏自身组织细胞，机体出现病理改变和相应临床表现。基本特征自身免疫性疾病的分类：自身免疫病自身抗原器官特异性自身免疫病：慢性甲状腺炎甲状腺球蛋白、微粒体、细胞膜表面抗原、第二胶质抗原(CA2)毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿(Graves病)甲状腺细胞表面TSH受体原发性肾上腺皮质萎缩(Addison病)肾上腺细胞恶性贫血胃壁细胞、内因子慢性溃疡性结肠炎结肠上皮细胞男性自了性不育症精子青少年型胰岛素依赖性糖尿病胰岛细胞伴共济失调-毛细血管扩张的胰岛素受体胰岛素低抗型糖尿病重症肌无力乙酰胆碱受体自身免疫性溶血性贫血红细胞特发性血小板减少性紫癜血小板干燥综合征(Sjogrenssyndrome)唾液腺管、细胞核、甲状腺球蛋白非器官特异性自身免疫病：类风湿关节炎变性IgG系统红斑狼疮核成分(DNA、DNA-核蛋白、RNA、Sm抗原)、红细胞、血小板、细胞浆成分(线粒体、微粒体)自身免疫病举例：系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）：一类不治的器官非特异性自身免疫病。患者多种组织、脏器受损。脸部红斑（左下）、下肢狼疮青斑（右下）、形成紫红色染色狼疮细胞为SLE的典型病变。右上图为SLE发病的全球分布。SystemicLupusErythematosus(SLE)ischaracterizedbyfever,weakness,arthritis,skinrashes(seefigureatleft),pleurisy,andkidneydysfunction.AffectedindividualsmayproduceautoantibodiestoarangeoftissueantigenssuchasDNA,histones,RBCs,platelets,leukocytes,andclottingfactors.SLEtypicallyappearsinwomenbetween20and40yearsofagewithafemale:maleratioof10:1.AnexampleofcomplicationsarisingfromSLEiswhenimmunecomplexesofautoantibodiesandvariousnuclearantigensaredepositedalongthewallsofsmallbloodvessels.Thisdepositionactivatesthecomplementsystem,resultinginglomerulonephritisanddamagetotheblood-vesselwall(vasculitis).Thisbloodvesseldamagecanleadtowidespreadtissuedamage.类风湿关节炎（RA）类风湿关节炎（RA）：是一类严重的自身免疫病，患者关节滑囊