MicroarrayandBioinformatics基因芯片的生物信息学AimsfortheMicroarrayBioinformaticsVocabulary-Review回顾Vocabulary-Review回顾Microarray基因芯片TypesofMicroarrays芯片的种类TypesofDNAMicroarraysHistory历史MicroarraysarePopular芯片技术的普及Whatproblemscanitsolve?基因芯片的应用Features特点DifferentialGeneExpression基因表达差异Whatisitspitfall缺陷与不足?RequrimentsMarketpredict市场预期Principle原理DesigningtheProbes探针的设计SpottingProcess点样过程点样针Spotrobot点样仪Affymetrix基因芯片表达差异检测ComparisonofProbeTypes两种探针比较HomemadeTailoredCheaper?????Maximum24,000featuresperarrayPronetovariabilityProcessofmanufactureamicroarray芯片制备流程B21BiologicalquestionDifferentiallyexpressedgenesSampleclasspredictionetc.MicroarraySteps基因芯片分析过程Readinganarray(cont.)ColorCoding扫描结果Noise干扰OtherImageProcessingProblemsSpotQualityProblemsTwoslidesNoisefiltering干扰过滤Noisefiltering干扰过滤Normalization归一化Normalization归一化Normalization归一化Theoriginofsystematicdifferences系统误差的产生原因DNAarrayDataAcquisitionDNA芯片数据的获得IntroductionofSoftware----SAMSAM软件介绍HandlingMissingData丢失数据的操作Clustering聚类软件Clustering=GroupidentificationClusteringSteps聚类分析步骤Clusteralgorithm聚类算法HyerarchicalClusteringExampleHyerarchicalClusteringExamplehttp://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/95/25/14863系统聚类法步骤HierarchicalClustering系统聚类法HierarchicalClustering系统聚类HierarchicalClustering系统聚类InterpretingtheResultsk-means聚类分析RecommendedTextsAffymetrixwww.affymetrix.comMichaelEisenLabatLBL(hierarchicalclusteringsoftware“Cluster”and“TreeView”(Windows))rana.lbl.gov/StanfordMicroArrayDatabase(“Xcluster”(Linux))genome-www4.stanford.edu/MicroArray/SMD/ReviewofCurrentlyAvailableMicroarraySoftwarewww.the-scientist.com/yr2001/apr/profile1_010430.htmlMicroarrayDBwww.biologie.ens.fr/en/genetiqu/puces/bddeng.htmlEisen,M.B.etal.,(1998)."Clusteranalysis'anddisplayofgenome-wideexpressionpatterns."ProcNatlAcadSciUSA95(25):14863-8.Wen,X.,etal.,(1998)."Large-scaletemporalgeneex-pressionmappingofcentralnervoussystemdevelopment."ProcNatlAcadSciUSA95(1):334-9.U.Alon,etal.,(1999)“Broadpatternsofgeneexpressionrevealedbyclusteringanalysiso