外研社版九年级英语课堂笔记Module6Saveourworld一．词语链接：1.waste-wasteful;hope-hopeful/–hopelesshopefully/hopelessly;fashion-fashional;harm-harmful/harmless;n.-adj.2.energy-energeticn.-adj.3.pollute-pollution;protect–protection;read-reader;produce-productv./production-n.4.care-careful/careless-carefully-carelessly;environment-environmental-environmentally;difference-different-differentlyn.-adj.-.adv5.cycle-recycle,use-reuse;usable-reusable;recycle-recyclable6.reduce-increase反义词)(7.reuse–reusable–v.adj.※1.appear,seem,look看来很相似，均有“好象，看起来象”之意，其区别如下：一、含义上的差异appear是指根据事物的外表表象做出判断的，但实质上并不一定如此；seem是表示说话人主观上的判断，暗含有一定的根据，往往接近事实的判断；look是根据视觉印象而得出的判断，实质上也可能如此，但往往与实际情况相反。Sheisfiftybutsheappearsyoung她五十岁了，但看起来很年轻。.(其实并非如此)Sheseemsyoung.(Ithinksheisreally她看起来很年轻。young.)(根据个人的主观判断而推断出)Shelooksyoung.(Maybesheis她看起来很年轻。old.)(从外表可出感觉出)二、用法上的差异1.appear，look，seem后均可带名词、形容词、tobe结构。Themanwhocameyesterdayappeared/seemed/lookedanhounestman.Mybrotherappeared(tobe)happywhenheheardfromsister.2.look可用于进行时，而seem,appear一般不能。Heislookingveryhappy.3.appear和seem之后可接动词不定式的一般式、完成式以及其它形式，而look之后除了能接tobe结构外，不接其它动词不定式形式。Sheappearedtoagreewithyou.Theydon’tseemtohavereadthis他们好象novel.没有读过这本小说。4.look,seem能与介词like构成习语，意思是“看上去象”，而appear却不能。ItseemslikeyearssinceIlastsawyou.Helookslikeafarmer.5.seem,look后均可接asif,asthough引导的表语从句，从句中既可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气，而appear则不能。Itseemed/lookedasifhehadbeentoBeijing.6.appear和seem均可接that引导的从句，而look不能。Itseems/appearsthatwewon’tfinishthisworktoday.7.appear和seem可用于therebe结构中，而look不能。Thereappearstohavebeenanaccident好象出了一.次事故。seem句式结构的转换Heseems(tobe)illtoday.=Itseemsthatheisilltoday.Theyseemedtohavefinishedtheirwork.=Itseemedthattheyhadfinishedtheirwork.2.instead与insteadofinstead“取而代之/而是/可是/相反”，副词，位于句首/尾/中作状语（有时不译出，所在句子表肯定）Heistired.Letmeinsteadgo.Hedidn’tanswermyquestion.Instead,heaskedmeaquestion.(instead于句首或句中时，用逗号隔开)insteadof---“代替---/而不是--”介词短语，位于句中，后必须接词语。有时不译，insteadof后表否定）Iwillgoinsteadofhim.代词作宾语(:宾格)I’lldotomorrowitinsteadoftoday.(名词作宾语)Heaske