sexism-in-the-english-language-through-asymmetrica.doc
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SexismintheEnglishLanguagethroughAsymmetricalPhenomenonAbstract:Thisthesisfocusesontheasymmetricalphenomenon,whichreflectedintheextensiveusageofmasculinewords,themarkedfemalewordsandunmarkedmalewords,positivewordsformalesandnegativewordsforfemales,andetc.Finally,thethesisputsforwardsomewaysoffightingagainstsexism.Sexismisasocietyproblem,whichcanbetracedtoitshistoricalandculturalsources.Inordertoachievenon-sexisminlanguage,socialsexismshouldbeeliminatedfirst.KeyWord:sexism;asymmetricalphenomenon;masculinewords;derogationoffemalewords1.IntroductionAsaproductofsocietyandonespecialcommunicativemethodsofhuman,languagereflectsalltheaspectsofhumansocietynaturally.Languageisn’tsexisminitself,butwhenreferringtolanguageandsex,peopleimmediatelythinkofsexism.Sexismwasputforthafterthediscoveryoflinguisticasymmetry.TheasymmetricalphenomenoninEnglishlanguageistheoreticallybasedonSapir-WhorfHypothesis,whichhasagreatinfluenceontheresearchbetweenlanguageandculture.2.ReflectionofasymmetricalphenomenoninEnglishlanguageLinguisticasymmetryisoneofthetraditionalapproachestothestudyofthesexismagainstwomeninlanguage.Hellinger(1989)inherarticle“RevisingthePatriarchalParadigmLanguageChangedFeministLanguagePolitics”[1](QuotedfromTangJinwen,2002)looksbackoveraratherlongperiodoftimeconcerningtheresearchofsexismagainstwomeninlanguage.2.1.Asymmetricalphenomenonreflectedinmasculinelanguageasstandardwhereasfemininelanguageassubordinate2.1.1.theextensiveusageofmasculinewordsThat“menembracewomen”isarelativelyrecentrationalizationinthehistoryofthelanguage.In1746,JohnKirkbyformulatedhis“Eighty-eightGrammaticalRules.”[2](QuotedfromZhuLi,2004).ThesearetheproductofMr.Kirkby’sownimagination.RuleNo.21statedthatthemalegenderwasmorecomprehensivethanthefemale,whichisamovetowardstheconceptthatmaleisthenorm,butwomanisonlythesubordinationorvariation.Inthisway,womenarealwaysmadeinvisible.Thefactthattheword“man”,“mankind”and“he”areusedastermsforthehumanracereflectsmaledominanceinsociety,womenissubordina