均是精品，欢迎下载学习！！！InformationtechnologyandtelemedicineinSub-SaharanAfricaEconomicalsolutionsareavailabletosupporthealthcareinremoteareasManydevelopingcountrieshaveanacuteshortageofdoctors,particularlyspecialists.Sub-SaharanAfricahas,onaverage,fewerthan10doctorsper100000people,and14countriesdonothaveasingleradiologist.1Thespecialistsandservicesthatareavailableareconcentratedincities.Workersinruralhealthcare,whoservemostofthepopulation,areisolatedfromspecialistsupportanduptodateinformationbypoorroads,scarceandexpensivetelephones,andalackoflibraryfacilities.2Caninformationtechnologyoffersolutions?Ifso,whattechnologiesarelikelytobemosteffectiveandeconomical?TheinternetismakinginroadsintoAfrica:whereasthreeyearsagoonly12countriesinAfricahadinternetaccess,itisnowavailable,atleastinthecapitalcity,in53outof54Africancountries.3Freeonlineresourcesincludejournals,4researchdatabases,andtrainingcourses.5Emailhasmanyadvantagesinpoorcountries:itischeap,hardwareandsoftwarerequirementsaresimple,andtheinformationdoesnothavetobetransmittedinrealtime.ThesebenefitshavebeenshownbySatelLife,acharitableorganisationbasedinBoston.6Usingalowearthorbitsatelliteandphonelines,itprovidesemailaccessin140countries,servingover10000healthcareworkers.Whereadequatetelecommunicationslinksexist,SatelLifeandotherorganisationsprovidehighercapacityemailandinternetconnections.Theseallowsendingemailattachmentssuchasimagefiles,permittingaformoflowcosttelemedicine.Thepatient'sfindingsaredescribedinanemail,anddigitalphotographsofthepatientandtheirinvestigations,suchaselectrocardiogramsandxrayfilms,areattached.This"storeandforward"telemedicinedoesnotallowrealtimeinteraction,butitpermitsspecialistsupportinthemanagementofdifficultcasesandiseconomical.Moderndigitalcamerasaresmall,robust,easytouse,andcheap($300-800).Theycancreatehighresolutionimages(1900×1400pixelsorbetter)thatareadequateforteledermatology.7Withmodificationthistechniquecanbeeffectivefortelepathologyandteleultrasound.8,9Accesstoradiologicalexpertise