ModernArchitectureModernarchitecture,nottobeconfusedwith'contemporaryarchitecture',isatermgiventoanumberofbuildingstyleswithsimilarcharacteristics,primarilythesimplificationofformandtheeliminationofornament.Whilethestylewasconceivedearlyinthe20thcenturyandheavilypromotedbyafewarchitects,architecturaleducatorsandexhibits,veryfewModernbuildingswerebuiltinthefirsthalfofthecentury.ForthreedecadesaftertheSecondWorldWar,however,itbecamethedominantarchitecturalstyleforinstitutionalandcorporatebuilding.OriginsSomehistoriansseetheevolutionofModernarchitectureasasocialmatter,closelytiedtotheprojectofModernityandhencetotheEnlightenment,aresultofsocialandpoliticalrevolutions.OthersseeModernarchitectureasprimarilydrivenbytechnologicalandengineeringdevelopments,anditistruethattheavailabilityofnewbuildingmaterialssuchasiron,steel,concreteandglassdrovetheinventionofnewbuildingtechniquesaspartoftheIndustrialRevolution.In1796,ShrewsburymillownerCharlesBagefirstusedhis‘fireproof’design,whichreliedoncastironandbrickwithflagstonefloors.Suchconstructiongreatlystrengthenedthestructureofmills,whichenabledthemtoaccommodatemuchbiggermachines.Duetopoorknowledgeofiron'spropertiesasaconstructionmaterial,anumberofearlymillscollapsed.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1830sthatEatonHodgkinsonintroducedthesectionbeam,leadingtowidespreaduseofironconstruction,thiskindofaustereindustrialarchitectureutterlytransformedthelandscapeofnorthernBritain,leadingtothedescription,"Darksatanicmills"ofplaceslikeManchesterandpartsofWestYorkshire.TheCrystalPalacebyJosephPaxtonattheGreatExhibitionof1851wasanearlyexampleofironandglassconstruction;possiblythebestexampleisthedevelopmentofthetallsteelskyscraperinChicagoaround1890byWilliamLeBaronJenneyandLouisSullivan.Earlystructurestoemployconcreteasthechiefmeansofarchitecturalexpression(ratherthanforpurelyutilitarianstructure)includeFrankLloydWright'sUnityTemple,builtin1906nearChicago,andRudolfSteiner'sSecondGoetheanum,builtfrom1926nearBasel,Switzerland.OtherhistoriansregardMo