习题讲解第一次作业K:s:100(1/2);100(-1/2)L:s:200(1/2);200(-1/2)p:210(1/2);210(-1/2);21-1(1/2);21-1(-1/2);211(1/2);211(-1/2)M:s:300(1/2);300(-1/2)p:310(1/2);310(-1/2);31-1(1/2);31-1(-1/2);311(1/2);311(-1/2)d:320(1/2);320(-1/2);32-1(1/2);32-1(-1/2);321(1/2);321(-1/2);32-2(1/2);32-2(-1/2);322(1/2);322(-1/2)2.7Givetheelectronconfigurationsforthefollowingions:Fe2+,Fe3+,Cu+,Ba2+,Br-,andS2-.SOLUTIONFe2+:1s22s22p63s23p63d6Fe3+:1s22s22p63s23p63d5Cu+:1s22s22p63s23p63d10Ba2+:1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p6Br-:1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6S2-:1s22s22p63s23p62.17(a)Brieflycitethemaindifferencesbetweenionic,covalent,andmetallicbonding.(b)StatethePauliexclusionprinciple.SOLUTION(a)离子键：无方向性球形正、负离子堆垛取决电荷数——电荷平衡体积（离子半径）金属键：无方向性球形正离子较紧密堆垛共价键：有方向性、饱和性，电子云最大重叠(b)原子中的每个电子不可能有完全相同的四个量子数（或运动状态）2.19Computethepercentsioniccharacteroftheinteratomicbondsforthefollowingcompounds:TiO2,ZnTe,CsCl,InSb,andMgCl2.SOLUTION2.24，Onthebasisofthehydrogenbond,explaintheanomalousbehaviorofwaterwhenitfreezes.Thatis,whyistherevolumeexpansionuponsolidification?水冻结时结晶，非球形的水分子规整排列时受氢键方向性和饱和性的更强限制，不能更紧密地堆积，故密度变小，体积增大。2-7影响离子化合物和共价化合物配位数的因素有那些？离子化合物：体积电荷共价化合物：价电子数电子云最大重叠第二次作业2.21UsingTable2.2,determinethenumberofcovalentbondsthatarepossibleforatomsofthefollowingelements:germanium,phosphorus,selenium,andchlorine.SOLUTIONGe:4P:3Se:2Cl:12-6按照杂化轨道理论，说明下列的键合形式：（1）CO2的分子键合Csp杂化（2）甲烷CH4的分子键合Csp3杂化（3）乙烯C2H4的分子键合Csp2杂化（4）水H2O的分子键合Osp3杂化（5）苯环的分子键合Csp2杂化（6）羰基中C、O间的原子键合Csp2杂化2-10当CN=6时，K+离子的半径为0.133nm(a)当CN=4时，对应负离子半径是多少？(b)当CN=8时，对应负离子半径是多少？若(按K+半径不变)求负离子半径,则：CN=6R=r/0.414=0.133/0.414=0.321nmCN=4R=r/0.225=0.133/0.225=0.591nmCN=8R=r+/0.732=0.133/0.732=0.182nm第三次作业3.50Hereareunitcellsfortwohypotheticalmetals:a.Whataretheindicesforthedirectionsindicatedbythetwovectorsinsketch(a)?bWhataretheindicesforthetwoplanesdrawninsketch(b)?（a）direction1,xyzProjections0ab/2cProjectionsintermsofa,b,andc01/21Reductiontointegers012Enclosure[012]direction2,xyzProjectionsa/2b/2-c