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Readingreport-----afterreading《IntroductiontoTextLinguistics》and《CohesioninEnglish》TEXTLINGUISTICSATEXTisaunitoflanguageinuse.Itappliestoanypassage,spokenorwritten,ofwhateverlength,thatdoesformaunifiedwhole–asemanticunit.TherearemanydifferentkindsofEnglishtextsbeingusedindiscourse.Atextmaybespokenorwritten,proseorverse,dialogueormonologue,asinglewordorantwo-hourlongspeech.Itmaybeanythingfromasingleproverbtoawholeplay,fromamomentarycryforhelptoanall-daydiscussiononacommittee.Atextisaunitoflanguageinusewhichisnotdefinedbyitssize,anditisbestregardedasasemanticunitthatisnotofformbutofmeaning.ThesevencriteriaoftextualityInIntroductiontoTextLinguisticswrittenbyRobert-AlaindeBeaugrandeandWolfgangDressler,atextcanbedefinedasacommunicativeoccurrencewhichmeetssevenstandardsoftextuality,andifanyofthesestandardsisnotconsideredtohavebeensatisfied,thetextwillnotbecommunicative.ThefirststandardisCOHESION.Theconceptofcohesionisasemanticonethatreferstorelationsofmeaningthatexistwithinthetext,andthatdefineitasatext.Cohesionoccurswhentheinterpretationofsomeelementinthediscourseisdependentonthatofotherelement,thatistosay,theonepresupposestheotherone.Cohesionisanecessarythoughnotasufficientconditionforthecreationofthetext.Cohesionexpressesthecontinuitythatbetweenonepartofthetextandanother,i.e.COHESIONisacontinuityofoccurrencesthatsticktogetherandthuscontributetothestabilityofthetext.Itisbasedonsyntax.Cohesionrefersspeciallytothesenon-structualtext-formingrelations,itcanbefoundjustaswellinasentenceasbetweensentences.Takethefollowingsentencesasanexample,[1]"Therewasanoldwomanwholivedinashoe.Shehadsomanychildrenshedidn’tknowwhattodo.""She"isaco-referenceto"oldwoman"–personalreference.Theremustbeinteractionbetweencohesionandothersixstandardsoftextualitytomakecommunicationefficient.ThesecondstandardwillbecalledCOHERENCE.Coherencehassomethingtodowiththethewaysinwhichthecomponentsofthetextaremutuallyaccessibleandrelevant.Atextmakessensesbecausethereisacontinuityofsense,andthiscontinui
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