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amoeboid--Havingnodefiniteshapetothecell,abletochangeshape.amphiesma--TheoutercoveringofaHYPERLINK"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/dinoflagellata.html"dinoflagellate,consistingofseveralmembranelayers.aperture--Smallopening,forexampletheopeninginthetestofaforam.bacteriophage--HYPERLINK"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/alllife/virus.html"Viruswhichinfectsanddestroysabacterialhost.Somephages,however,willincorporatetheirDNAintothatoftheirhost,andremaindormantforanextendedperiod.Forthisreason,theyhavebecomeessentialtoolsofgeneticengineers.capsid--Theprotein"shell"ofafreevirusparticle.cell--Fundamentalstructuralunitofalllife.Thecellconsistsprimarilyofanouterplasmamembrane,whichseparatesitfromtheenvironment;thegeneticmaterial(DNA),whichencodesheritableinformationforthemaintainanceoflife;andthecytoplasm,aheterogeneousassemblageofions,molecules,andfluid.cellcycle--Completesequenceofstepswhichmustbeperformedbyacellinordertoreplicateitself,asseenfromHYPERLINK"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/alllife/eukaryotalh.html"mitoticeventtomitoticevent.MostofthecycleconsistsofagrowthperiodinwhichthecelltakesonmassandreplicatesitsDNA.Arrestofthecellcycleisanimportantfeatureinthereproductionofmanyorganisms,includinghumans.cellmembrane--Theoutermembraneofacell,whichseparatesitfromtheenvironment.Alsocalledaplasmamembraneorplasmalemma.cellwall--Rigidstructuredepositedoutsidethecellmembrane.HYPERLINK"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/plants/plantae.html"PlantsareknownfortheircellwallsofHYPERLINK"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/glossary_C.html"\l"cellulose"cellulose,asarethegreenalgaeandcertainprotists,whileHYPERLINK"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/fungi.html"fungihavecellwallsofHYPERLINK"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/glossary_C.html"\l"chitin"chitin.chloroplast--Achlorophyll-containingplastidfoundinalgalandgreenplantcells.chromosome--LinearpieceofeukaryoticDNA,oftenboundbyspecializedproteinsknownashistones.coenocytic--Conditioninwhichanorganismconsistsoffilament
