初中英语语法一．名词I.名词的种类：专有名词国名地名人名，团体1.普通名词机构名称不可数名词可数名词个体名词抽象名词集体名词物质名词名词的数：II.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，-s或-es。现将构成方一般在单数形式后面加法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days结尾的名词后加-es2以s,x,ch,shclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes或-f以结尾为v-es再加变-f和-feleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,-fe3wife-wives,half-halves的词加-schief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为4i加party-parties,family-families,-esstory-stories,city-cities以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有5结toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,尾的，加名词以y-sHenry-Henrys以辅音字母加一般加-esNegro-Negroes,hero-heroes,6结尾-o的potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes名词不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-smonth-months,truth-truths,mouth-mouths,path-paths,2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：1．规则例词改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,只有复数形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,34一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）class,family,crowd,couple,group,也可以作复数（成员）government,population,team,public,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文),),brains(外表头脑智力件报纸),looks(青菜)greens(7表示加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,“某Swedes,Europeans国人”单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为Englishmen,Frenchwomen-men,-women8合成将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,名词story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后一部分grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches变为复数将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservantsIII.名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加's构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西1.'s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加'stheboy'sfather,Jack'sbook,herson-in-law'sphoto,复数名一般在末尾加'theteachers'room,thetwins'mother,词不规则复数名词后加thechildren'stoys,women'srights,'s结尾的人名所有格加's或者'以sDickens'novels,Charles'sjob,theSmiths'house,表示各自的所有关系时各名词末尾Japa